Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is the positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Quark

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proton. Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu) and a charge of +1. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines the atomic number of the element, which is a unique identifier for each element. Choice A, Electron, is incorrect as electrons are negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus. Choice C, Neutron, is incorrect as neutrons are neutral particles found in the nucleus. Choice D, Quark, is incorrect as quarks are elementary particles that combine to form protons and neutrons, but they are not the positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

2. Which of the following characteristics is part of a person's genotype?

• A. Brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight
• B. The CFTR gene, which causes cystic fibrosis
• C. Black hair that grows rapidly
• D. Being a fast runner

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. A genotype refers to a person's genetic makeup, which includes specific genes like the CFTR gene responsible for cystic fibrosis. Genes are the units of heredity and are part of an individual's genotype, influencing various traits and characteristics. Choice A, brown eyes that appear hazel in the sunlight, refers to a phenotype, which is the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genes and the environment. Choice C, black hair that grows rapidly, also describes a phenotype rather than a genotype. Choice D, being a fast runner, is a trait influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, but it does not directly relate to a specific gene in the genotype.

3. What are energy levels and orbitals?

• A. Energy levels are the paths that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom, and orbitals are the regions where electrons are most likely to be found.
• B. Energy levels are the regions where electrons are most likely to be found, and orbitals are the paths that electrons travel around the nucleus of an atom.
• C. Energy levels are the same as orbitals.
• D. Energy levels and orbitals do not exist.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Energy levels refer to the specific energies that electrons in an atom can have, while orbitals are the regions within an atom where electrons are most likely to be found. Electrons do not travel in fixed paths around the nucleus like planets around the sun, as suggested in option B. Option C is incorrect because energy levels and orbitals are distinct concepts in atomic structure. Option D is incorrect as energy levels and orbitals are fundamental concepts in understanding the behavior of electrons in atoms.

4. Blood is carried away from the heart in large vessels known as which of the following?

• A. Arteries
• B. Arterioles
• C. Veins
• D. Venules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arteries. Arteries are the large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body. They have thick, muscular walls to withstand the high pressure generated by the heart's pumping action. Choice B, Arterioles, are smaller branches of arteries that further divide into capillaries. Choice C, Veins, carry blood back to the heart and have thinner walls compared to arteries. Choice D, Venules, are smaller veins that collect blood from capillaries and merge into larger veins.

5. How does the human eye focus light?

• A. Cornea
• B. Iris
• C. Lens
• D. Retina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The human eye focuses light by adjusting the shape of its lens. The lens changes shape to allow the eye to focus on objects at different distances, a process known as accommodation. The cornea is the transparent outer covering of the eye that helps to focus light but does not change shape like the lens. The iris controls the size of the pupil to regulate the amount of light entering the eye. The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that receives and processes images but does not adjust the focus of light.

Similar Questions