Nursing Elites

1. What does the term 'electron configuration' refer to in relation to an atom?

• A. The arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.
• B. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
• C. The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
• D. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The electron configuration of an atom refers to the arrangement of electrons in the atom's orbitals. This arrangement determines the atom's chemical properties and behavior. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus (option B) is known as the atomic number, which defines the element. The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus (option C) contributes to the atom's mass number. The number of electrons in an atom's valence shell (option D) is important for understanding the atom's reactivity and bonding behavior, but the electron configuration specifically refers to how electrons are distributed among the different orbitals in an atom.

2. What is a characteristic feature of a convex lens?

• A. Converge light rays
• B. Diverge light rays
• C. Focus sound waves
• D. Create virtual images only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A convex lens is characterized by its ability to converge light rays. The convex lens is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, causing light rays passing through it to converge or come together at a focal point on the opposite side of the lens. This convergence of light rays is what distinguishes convex lenses. Choice B is incorrect as convex lenses do not diverge light rays. Choice C is incorrect as convex lenses do not focus sound waves but rather light waves. Choice D is incorrect as convex lenses can create both real and virtual images, not just virtual images.

3. Which of the following best describes a chemical change?

• A. Melting ice to form water
• B. Dissolving sugar in water
• C. Burning wood to produce ash
• D. Crushing a can to reduce its size

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A chemical change involves a chemical reaction where new substances are formed. Burning wood to produce ash is an example of a chemical change because the wood undergoes a chemical reaction to form a new substance (ash). In this process, the chemical composition of wood changes to produce ash, which is a new substance. On the other hand, melting ice to form water, dissolving sugar in water, and crushing a can to reduce its size are examples of physical changes. In these instances, the substances may change their physical state or appearance but do not undergo a chemical reaction to form new substances. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer as it represents a chemical change, while choices A, B, and D represent physical changes.

4. What is the normal (complete) flow of blood through the heart?

• A. Right atrium → lungs → left atrium → body
• B. Left atrium → left ventricle → body → right atrium
• C. Right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body
• D. Right ventricle → left ventricle → body

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct flow of blood through the heart starts with the right atrium receiving deoxygenated blood from the body, followed by the right ventricle pumping blood to the lungs for oxygenation. Oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the left atrium, then passes to the left ventricle which pumps it out to the body through the aorta. This flow ensures that blood is properly oxygenated before circulating through the body. Choice A is incorrect as the blood does not go directly from the left atrium to the body, skipping the left ventricle. Choice B is incorrect as it does not follow the correct flow sequence in the heart. Choice D is incorrect as it does not include the full pathway of blood through the heart.

5. Which of the following represents the strongest scientific argument?

• A. Scientific Hypothesis
• B. Scientific Law
• C. Scientific Study Conclusion
• D. Scientific Theory

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Scientific Theory.' A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world. It is based on a large body of evidence and has withstood rigorous testing and scrutiny. Scientific theories are considered the strongest scientific arguments because they have predictive power and are supported by a significant amount of empirical data. Choice A, 'Scientific Hypothesis,' is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon but lacks the extensive evidence and testing that theories undergo. Choice B, 'Scientific Law,' describes a consistent and predictable relationship between variables but does not explain why the relationship exists. Choice C, 'Scientific Study Conclusion,' may be based on a single study and lacks the comprehensive nature and validation that theories possess.

Similar Questions