Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following functional groups is present in carboxylic acids?

• A. Carbonyl
• B. Hydroxyl
• C. Carboxyl
• D. Aldehyde

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Carboxylic acids contain the carboxyl functional group, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the same carbon atom. The carboxyl group is represented as -COOH in the molecular structure of carboxylic acids. Therefore, the correct functional group present in carboxylic acids is the carboxyl group, making option C the correct choice. Option A, 'Carbonyl,' is incorrect as it only refers to the C=O group without the -OH component present in carboxylic acids. Option B, 'Hydroxyl,' is incorrect as it only represents the -OH group without the carbonyl group. Option D, 'Aldehyde,' is incorrect as it refers to a different functional group with a carbonyl group attached to a hydrogen atom, not the carboxyl group found in carboxylic acids.

2. Which of the following inventions likely had the greatest impact on combating nutrition deficiencies in developing countries?

• A. Food products fortified with dietary vitamins and minerals
• B. Integrated statistical models of fish populations
• C. Advances enabling microscopes to use thicker tissue samples
• D. Refrigerated train cars for transportation of food

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Food products fortified with dietary vitamins and minerals have had the greatest impact on combating nutrition deficiencies in developing countries. By fortifying food products with essential nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, it becomes easier to address specific deficiencies in populations that may not have access to a diverse range of foods. This innovation has been particularly impactful in addressing common deficiencies like vitamin A, iron, zinc, and folic acid, improving overall health outcomes in populations with limited access to nutrient-rich foods. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Integrated statistical models of fish populations, advances in microscopy, and refrigerated train cars, while important in their own right, do not directly address combating nutrition deficiencies in developing countries as effectively as food fortification with essential nutrients.

3. Which term describes the quantity of matter in an object and is measured in kilograms or grams?

• A. Weight
• B. Mass
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mass is the quantity of matter in an object and is commonly measured in kilograms or grams. It is a fundamental property of matter and remains constant regardless of the object's location. Weight, in contrast, refers to the force of gravity acting on an object and is measured in newtons. Volume represents the amount of space an object occupies and is typically measured in cubic units like cubic meters or cubic centimeters. Density, on the other hand, is the mass of an object per unit volume, and its unit is, for example, kilograms per cubic meter. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Mass' as it specifically describes the quantity of matter in an object, regardless of the gravitational pull on it. 'Weight,' 'Volume,' and 'Density' do not directly represent the quantity of matter in an object but rather different properties related to it.

4. Which of the following is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?

• A. Ethane
• B. Benzene
• C. Propane
• D. Butene

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Benzene is indeed an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon. Aromatic hydrocarbons are characterized by having a cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds (pi bonds). Benzene fits this description, making it aromatic. On the other hand, ethane, propane, and butene are aliphatic hydrocarbons, which do not have the distinct cyclic structure of aromatic hydrocarbons. Ethane, propane, and butene are aliphatic hydrocarbons, which contain only single bonds and are not cyclic in nature. Therefore, they are not examples of aromatic hydrocarbons.

5. Connective tissue provides support and connects other tissues. What is the main component that gives connective tissue its strength?

• A. Collagen fibers
• B. Epithelial cells
• C. Nerve cells
• D. Blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Collagen fibers are the main component that gives connective tissue its strength. Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides structural support and tensile strength to connective tissues, allowing them to withstand stretching and tension. Epithelial cells, nerve cells, and blood cells are not the main components responsible for the strength of connective tissue. Epithelial cells are specialized for covering and lining surfaces, nerve cells transmit signals, and blood cells are involved in various functions like oxygen transport and immune response, but they do not provide the structural strength typical of collagen fibers in connective tissue.

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