which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest

ATI TEAS 7

Practice Science TEAS Test

1. Which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest?

A. S. spinosum, S. basale, S. corneum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
B. S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale
C. S. corneum, S. spinosum, S. basale, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
D. S. basale, S. spinosum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum, S. corneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest is: Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale. Choice B, 'S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale,' provides the accurate layering from the outermost to the innermost layer of the epidermis. Choice A is incorrect as it starts with Stratum spinosum, which is not the most superficial layer. Choice C is incorrect as it places Stratum spinosum before Stratum basale. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Stratum basale, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis.

2. In the process of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce energy. What is the main waste product released?

A. Water
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen
D. Protein

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During cellular respiration, glucose undergoes a series of reactions in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP. The main waste product released in this process is carbon dioxide, which is eliminated from the body through exhalation. While water is also produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is considered the primary waste product. Oxygen is not a waste product but is actually consumed during cellular respiration to aid in breaking down glucose. Protein is essential for various cellular functions but is not a waste product of cellular respiration; instead, proteins are broken down into amino acids for cellular processes.

3. What is the electrical charge of the nucleus?

A. A nucleus always has a positive charge.
B. A stable nucleus has a positive charge, but a radioactive nucleus may have no charge and instead be neutral.
C. A nucleus always has no charge and is instead neutral.
D. A stable nucleus has no charge and is instead neutral, but a radioactive nucleus may have a charge.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A nucleus always has a positive charge. This is because the nucleus is composed of positively charged protons, along with neutral neutrons. The positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the surrounding electrons in an atom, resulting in an overall neutral charge for the atom as a whole. Therefore, choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the positive charge of the nucleus due to the presence of protons. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the fundamental composition and charge distribution within an atom's nucleus. A stable nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons, leading to an overall positive charge, and not a neutral charge as suggested in the incorrect choices.

4. What is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood?

A. Dehydration
B. Kidney failure
C. Incontinence
D. Nephritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kidney failure is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Dehydration refers to insufficient fluid intake and not the kidney's filtering function. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control, not related to kidney filtration. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys, not specifically related to the kidneys' inability to filter waste products.

5. Which of the following antibodies can cross the placenta?

A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgM

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is IgG. IgG is the only antibody that can cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to the developing fetus. IgA, IgD, and IgM do not cross the placenta. IgA is mainly found in mucosal secretions, IgD is involved in the activation of B cells, and IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, but it does not cross the placental barrier.