which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest

ATI TEAS 7

Practice Science TEAS Test

1. Which of the following correctly orders the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest?

A. S. spinosum, S. basale, S. corneum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
B. S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale
C. S. corneum, S. spinosum, S. basale, S. granulosum, S. lucidum
D. S. basale, S. spinosum, S. granulosum, S. lucidum, S. corneum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest is: Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, Stratum basale. Choice B, 'S. corneum, S. lucidum, S. granulosum, S. spinosum, S. basale,' provides the accurate layering from the outermost to the innermost layer of the epidermis. Choice A is incorrect as it starts with Stratum spinosum, which is not the most superficial layer. Choice C is incorrect as it places Stratum spinosum before Stratum basale. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with Stratum basale, which is the deepest layer of the epidermis.

2. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

A. Natural selection
B. Genetic drift
C. Lamarckism
D. Mutation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation. B) Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that occurs due to random changes in allele frequencies in a population. C) Lamarckism, also known as the inheritance of acquired characteristics, is a discredited theory that suggests organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. This mechanism has been largely rejected by the scientific community. D) Mutation is a mechanism of evolution that introduces new genetic variation into a population, which can lead to the emergence of new traits and adaptations over time.

3. Which of the following layers of the skin does not contain blood vessels?

A. Hypodermis
B. Dermis
C. Epidermis
D. Hyperdermis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels. It receives nutrients through diffusion from the underlying dermis. The hypodermis is the subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis and contains blood vessels. The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, which contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. 'Hyperdermis' is not a correct anatomical term and is not a layer of the skin, making it an incorrect choice for this question.

4. Why do emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) pose a significant public health threat?

A. Because they are well-understood by medical professionals
B. Because they are easily treatable with existing antibiotics
C. Because they are new, rapidly evolving, and can spread quickly
D. Because they primarily affect animals and not humans

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are a significant public health threat because they are characterized by being new or newly identified diseases that are rapidly evolving. These diseases can spread quickly within populations due to factors such as globalization, travel, urbanization, and changes in climate. EIDs often present challenges to medical professionals as they may not be well-understood initially, making it difficult to develop effective treatments or preventive measures. While some EIDs can be treatable with existing antibiotics, the rapid evolution of these diseases can lead to the development of drug resistance, further complicating treatment efforts. Additionally, EIDs are not limited to affecting animals; they can also have serious implications for human health and well-being. Therefore, the correct answer is that EIDs pose a threat because they are new, rapidly evolving, and can spread quickly. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because EIDs are not well-understood initially, may develop drug resistance, and can affect humans significantly, not just animals.

5. The 'fight-or-flight' response is triggered by the hormone released from the:

A. Thyroid gland
B. Adrenal glands
C. Pituitary gland
D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The 'fight-or-flight' response is triggered by the release of adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands. These hormones prepare the body to either confront or flee from a perceived threat or stressor. The adrenal glands are crucial in initiating this rapid physiological response. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism and energy levels, the pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands but does not directly trigger the 'fight-or-flight' response, and the pancreas is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon, not for triggering the 'fight-or-flight' response.