Nursing Elites

1. A researcher wants to conduct qualitative research. Which method should they use?

• A. Collecting patient narratives
• B. Tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient
• C. Observing a patient's physical changes
• D. Writing journal notes about the research experience

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical, descriptive data to explore experiences, behaviors, or perspectives. Collecting patient narratives aligns with qualitative research as it involves capturing detailed accounts of individuals' experiences or viewpoints. Choices B, C, and D involve more quantitative approaches by focusing on measurable quantities, observations, or structured note-taking, which are not characteristic of qualitative research methods.

2. What is the length of DNA that can code for a particular protein?

• A. Chromosome
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Gene
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gene. A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a particular protein. Genes are responsible for coding proteins, and each gene carries the instructions for a specific protein. Chromosomes consist of many genes and are not a specific length that codes for a protein. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are not a length that codes for a protein. Ribosomes are cellular organelles involved in protein synthesis and do not directly code for proteins.

3. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be found in a human cell's genes?

• A. Sequences of amino acids to be transcribed into mRNA
• B. Lethal recessive traits like sickle cell anemia
• C. Mutated DNA
• D. DNA that codes for proteins the cell doesn't use

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Human cells typically contain genes that code for proteins necessary for the cell's functions. DNA that codes for proteins the cell doesn't use would be an inefficient use of the cell's resources. Therefore, it is less likely to be found in a human cell's genes. Options A, B, and C are more commonly associated with genes found in human cells. Choice A refers to the genetic information needed for protein synthesis, while choice B involves traits that can be present in the gene pool. Mutated DNA (choice C) can also be found in human cells as a result of genetic alterations. However, DNA that codes for proteins not utilized by the cell would be redundant and not typically retained in the genome.

4. What is the process by which a cell divides into two or more new cells?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Both mitosis and meiosis
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. This type of cell division is essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Meiosis does not directly result in the formation of new cells, as it is specifically geared towards the production of reproductive cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Option C, stating both mitosis and meiosis, is incorrect because meiosis is not involved in the general process of cell division to produce new cells; it is specialized for gamete formation. Option D is incorrect because mitosis is indeed the process responsible for cell division in which one cell divides into two daughter cells, making it the accurate choice for this question.

5. What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference of waves?

• A. They have different effects on wave amplitude.
• B. Constructive interference increases amplitude, while destructive interference decreases it.
• C. They affect wave amplitudes differently depending on the wave type.
• D. Their impact is determined by the relative phase of the waves, not wave speed or amplitude.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Constructive interference and destructive interference are two phenomena that occur when waves interact. Constructive interference leads to an increase in wave amplitude when two waves meet in phase, resulting in the alignment of peaks and troughs. This alignment results in the combined wave having a higher amplitude. On the other hand, destructive interference causes a decrease in amplitude as two waves meet out of phase, leading to their cancellation. When peaks align with troughs, they cancel each other out, resulting in a lower overall amplitude. This difference in effect on wave amplitude distinguishes between constructive and destructive interference. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specify the direction of change in amplitude for each type of interference. Choice C is incorrect as both constructive and destructive interference can occur in various types of waves, not affecting them differently based on wave type. Choice D is incorrect because while the relative phase of waves does determine the interference type, it is the amplitude that is affected by constructive and destructive interference, not the wave speed.

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