Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following correctly matches a category of protein with a physiological example?

• A. Keratin is a structural protein
• B. Antigens are hormonal proteins
• C. Channel proteins are marker proteins
• D. Actin is a transport protein

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Keratin is indeed a type of structural protein found in the skin, hair, and nails of animals. It provides strength and protection, helping to maintain the overall structure of these tissues. The other choices are incorrect as antigens are not hormonal proteins but rather are involved in immune response, channel proteins are involved in facilitating the transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes, and actin is primarily involved in cell structure and movement, not as a transport protein.

2. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a high percentage of CO2 and a very low percentage of O2 in the blood?

• A. Asphyxia
• B. Emphysema
• C. Eupnea
• D. Hypoxia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Asphyxia is the correct answer as it refers to a condition with high CO2 and low O2 levels in the blood. Asphyxia can result in oxygen deprivation and excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, posing a life-threatening situation if not treated promptly. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. Eupnea denotes normal breathing without any abnormalities. Hypoxia, on the other hand, involves low oxygen levels reaching the body's tissues, which can result from various causes such as reduced oxygen in the air or respiratory issues.

3. How does the acceleration of an object change if the force acting on it is doubled?

• A. Acceleration is halved
• B. Acceleration doubles
• C. Acceleration remains unchanged
• D. Acceleration quadruples

Correct answer: B

Rationale: According to Newton's second law of motion, acceleration is directly proportional to the force acting on an object. When the force acting on an object is doubled, the acceleration of the object will also double. This relationship is described by the formula F = ma, where F is the force applied, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. Therefore, an increase in force will result in a proportional increase in acceleration. Choice A is incorrect because acceleration does not halve but doubles when force doubles. Choice C is incorrect as acceleration changes in direct proportion to force. Choice D is incorrect as acceleration does not quadruple but doubles when force doubles.

4. Through which structure do the kidneys reabsorb water, salts, and nutrients and return them to the body?

• A. Renal artery
• B. Renal vein
• C. Nephron
• D. Glomerulus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The question has been corrected to specify the structure responsible for reabsorbing water, salts, and nutrients in the kidneys. The correct answer is the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney that performs filtration and reabsorption processes. The renal artery brings blood into the kidney for filtration, the renal vein carries filtered blood away from the kidney, and the glomerulus is a part of the nephron where filtration occurs. Therefore, the nephron is the structure that reabsorbs substances and returns them to the body.

5. What is the term for the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?

• A. Vaporization
• B. Evaporation
• C. Condensation
• D. Sublimation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Evaporation is the correct term for the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. During evaporation, molecules of the liquid gain enough energy to escape into the gas phase, primarily occurring at the liquid's surface. Vaporization is a broader term that encompasses the conversion of a substance from a liquid or solid state to a gas, not specifically at temperatures below the boiling point. Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation, involving the conversion of a gas into a liquid. Sublimation, on the other hand, refers to the direct transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase.

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