which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing water and forming feces

ATI TEAS 7

Practice TEAS Science Test

1. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing water and forming feces?

A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the large intestine. The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and forming feces from undigested food. The stomach's main function is to break down food with acid and enzymes. The small intestine is where most of the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not play a role in absorbing water or forming feces.

2. Which term refers to a molecule of DNA and structural protein?

A. Lysosome
B. Centrosome
C. Chromosome
D. Genome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chromosome. A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. It is the condensed form of DNA associated with structural proteins, not just a molecule of DNA or protein. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, not DNA and protein. Centrosomes are involved in cell division, not related to DNA and protein together. A genome refers to an organism's complete set of DNA, not specifically a molecule containing both DNA and structural protein.

3. Which of the following statements regarding heart valves is correct?

A. The atrioventricular valves lie between the atria and the ventricles.
B. The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.
C. The atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles contract.
D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: All of the statements are correct regarding heart valves. Choice A is accurate as the atrioventricular valves indeed lie between the atria and the ventricles. Choice B correctly identifies the location of the pulmonary semilunar valve. Choice C is true as the atrioventricular valves do prevent backflow into the atria during ventricular contraction. Therefore, selecting 'All of the above' as the correct answer is appropriate as all statements are accurate.

4. What does the phrase 'survival of the fittest' refer to?

A. Organisms with the most complex anatomical structures are more likely to survive and reproduce.
B. Organisms that demonstrate the best adaptations to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction.
C. All organisms have an equal probability of survival and reproductive success regardless of their traits.
D. Only the strongest and most aggressive individuals within a population will survive and reproduce.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The phrase 'survival of the fittest' is often associated with the concept of natural selection, proposed by Charles Darwin. Natural selection is the process by which organisms best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to the next generation. This process does not necessarily favor the most complex anatomical structures (option A) or the strongest and most aggressive individuals (option D). Instead, it emphasizes the importance of adaptations that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. Option C is incorrect because natural selection results in differential reproductive success based on an organism's traits, meaning that not all organisms have an equal probability of survival and reproductive success.

5. The control center of the cell, containing genetic information (DNA), is the:

A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the nucleus. The nucleus is the control center of the cell and houses the genetic information in the form of DNA. The Golgi apparatus (choice A) is responsible for packaging and processing proteins, the ribosome (choice B) is involved in protein synthesis, and the endoplasmic reticulum (choice D) is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are not the correct answers as they do not house the genetic information or serve as the control center of the cell.