Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are the two major zones of the respiratory system?

• A. left bronchus and right bronchus
• B. nose and mouth
• C. larynx and pharynx
• D. conducting and respiratory

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The two major zones of the respiratory system are the conducting zone and the respiratory zone. The conducting zone encompasses structures like the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, which serve to transport air into the lungs. On the other hand, the respiratory zone includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, where the crucial gas exchange process between the air in the lungs and the blood occurs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the major zones of the respiratory system but rather individual structures within the system.

2. Where is the major site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system?

• A. Mouth
• B. Stomach
• C. Small intestine
• D. Large intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The small intestine is recognized as the major site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food. The small intestine's villi and microvilli provide a large surface area specialized for absorbing nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. This efficient absorption process is essential for supplying the body with the necessary nutrients for energy production, growth, and overall functioning. The mouth is primarily involved in the initial stages of digestion through mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. The stomach aids in further mechanical and chemical digestion but is not the primary site for nutrient absorption. The large intestine's main function is to absorb water and electrolytes, not nutrients.

3. Which type of lens focuses parallel light rays to a single point?

• A. Concave lens
• B. Convex lens
• C. Cylindrical lens
• D. Plano lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A convex lens focuses parallel light rays to a single point by causing them to converge. This lens is thicker in the center than at the edges, which helps in converging the light rays. Convex lenses are commonly used for tasks like magnification and focusing due to their ability to bring distant light rays to a single focal point. Choice A, the concave lens, diverges light rays rather than converging them, making it incorrect. Choice C, the cylindrical lens, is designed to focus light along one axis rather than converging parallel light rays to a single point. Choice D, the plano lens, has no curvatures to bend or focus light rays, so it does not converge parallel light rays.

4. What is the structure and function of elastic arteries?

• A. They are the smallest arteries and constrict and dilate frequently.
• B. They are medium-sized arteries that distribute blood to various organs.
• C. They are the largest arteries and stretch and recoil to accommodate blood pressure changes.
• D. They are thin-walled arteries that supply blood to the capillaries.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The corrected answer is C. Elastic arteries, like the aorta, are the largest arteries in the body. They possess elastic fibers in their walls, allowing them to stretch and recoil in response to the pulsatile nature of blood flow from the heart. This elasticity helps to maintain blood pressure by absorbing the pressure waves generated by the heart's contractions and ensuring continuous blood flow to the organs. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because elastic arteries are not the smallest arteries, do not constrict and dilate frequently, are not medium-sized arteries for distributing blood to various organs, and are not thin-walled arteries supplying blood to capillaries. Elastic arteries have a specific structure and function related to their ability to accommodate blood pressure changes due to their elastic properties, which is essential for the cardiovascular system's proper functioning.

5. When two cars with different masses collide head-on, which car experiences a greater change in momentum?

• A. The car with the larger mass
• B. The car with the smaller mass
• C. Both cars experience the same change in momentum
• D. It depends on the initial velocities of the cars

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a head-on collision between two cars, the law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of the isolated system remains constant before and after the collision. The change in momentum of one car is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the change in momentum of the other car. As a result, both cars experience the same change in momentum during the collision. Choice A is incorrect because the change in momentum is the same for both cars due to the conservation of momentum principle. Choice B is incorrect as the smaller mass car does not experience a greater change in momentum. Choice D is incorrect as the initial velocities of the cars do not determine which car experiences a greater change in momentum; it is solely dependent on the masses of the colliding cars.

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