Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is used to record the measurable electrical activity of the brain?

• A. CAT scan
• B. MRI scan
• C. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• D. X-ray

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is an Electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is specifically designed to record the measurable electrical activity of the brain. It does so by using small, flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp to detect brain activity. This test is crucial in diagnosing various conditions like seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches, and brain tumors. The other options, CAT scan, MRI scan, and X-ray, are imaging techniques that do not directly measure the brain's electrical activity. CAT scan and MRI scan provide detailed images of the brain's structure, while X-ray is more suited for visualizing bone structures or dense tissues.

2. Which of the following is a special property of water?

• A. Water does not easily flow through phospholipid bilayers.
• B. A water molecule's oxygen atom does not allow fish to breathe.
• C. Water is highly cohesive, which explains its high melting point.
• D. Water cannot self-hydrolyze and decompose into hydrogen and oxygen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water is highly cohesive, meaning it is attracted to itself due to its hydrogen bonding properties. This cohesion is the reason why water has a high melting point compared to other liquids of similar molecular weight. It is crucial for the existence of life on Earth as it allows water to remain a liquid within a wide range of temperatures, providing a stable environment for biological processes to occur. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Water's cohesive property does not directly relate to its ability to flow through phospholipid bilayers, assist fish in breathing, or self-hydrolyze into hydrogen and oxygen.

3. In nuclear fusion, where does the released energy originate from?

• A. The fission of heavy nuclei
• B. The binding energy released during the fusion of light nuclei
• C. Electronic transitions within atoms
• D. Matter-antimatter annihilation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'The binding energy released during the fusion of light nuclei.' Nuclear fusion involves the combination of light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy in the process. This energy arises from the binding energy that keeps the nucleus intact. As lighter nuclei fuse, they create a more stable nucleus, and the excess energy is emitted as radiation. This fundamental process is the primary source of energy in stars and holds promise as a potential future energy source on Earth. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A, 'The fission of heavy nuclei,' is related to nuclear fission, not fusion. Choice C, 'Electronic transitions within atoms,' refers to energy release in atomic transitions, not nuclear fusion. Choice D, 'Matter-antimatter annihilation,' is a process where matter and antimatter collide, converting their mass into energy, but it is not the energy source for nuclear fusion.

4. In the K-capture process, a type of electron capture, from which electron shell does the electron get captured?

• A. The outermost s-orbital
• B. An inner p-orbital
• C. An inner d-orbital
• D. Any available electron shell

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The K-capture process involves the capture of an electron from the innermost electron shell, known as the K-shell. The K-shell comprises s and p orbitals. During the K-capture process, an electron is specifically captured from an inner p-orbital within the K-shell. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because K-capture involves capturing an electron from the innermost shell (K-shell) which consists of s and p orbitals, not the outermost s-orbital, inner d-orbital, or any available electron shell.

5. In an SN2 reaction, what affects the rate of the reaction?

• A. Only the concentration of the nucleophile
• B. Only the concentration of the electrophile
• C. Neither the concentration of the nucleophile nor the electrophile
• D. Both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In an SN2 reaction, the rate of the reaction is affected by both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile. The rate-determining step involves the nucleophile attacking the electrophile, so the concentrations of both species will impact the reaction rate. Increasing the concentration of the nucleophile increases the frequency of nucleophilic attacks, while increasing the concentration of the electrophile provides more opportunities for the nucleophile to react. Therefore, the correct answer is that both the concentration of the nucleophile and the electrophile affect the rate of the SN2 reaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not consider the interplay between the nucleophile and the electrophile in determining the overall reaction rate in an SN2 mechanism.

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