Nursing Elites

1. Which is not one of the raw materials needed for cellular respiration?

• A. ADP
• B. Phosphate
• C. Water
• D. Glucose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Water is not one of the raw materials needed for cellular respiration. The essential raw materials for cellular respiration include glucose (which is broken down to produce energy), oxygen, and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate (which are necessary for the formation of ATP, the energy currency of cells). While water is crucial for many cellular processes and makes up a significant portion of cells, it is not directly involved as a raw material in the cellular respiration process.

2. The procedure to focus an image using a compound microscope involves

• A. Adjusting the coarse adjustment each time a new magnification is selected
• B. Adjusting the fine adjustment each time a new magnification is selected
• C. Adjusting the stage each time a new magnification is selected
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When using a compound microscope, it is essential to adjust the fine adjustment knob each time you switch to a new magnification level. The fine adjustment knob allows for precise focusing on the specimen at different magnifications, ensuring a clear and sharp image. The coarse adjustment knob is typically used only at the lower magnification settings to bring the image into view roughly. Adjusting the stage may be necessary based on the size and thickness of the specimen, but it does not need to be done every time a new magnification is selected. Therefore, option B is the correct choice as it focuses on the key aspect of precise focusing during magnification changes.

3. What is the effect of the Earth's rotation on the atmosphere and on all objects on the Earth's surface?

• A. The Coriolis effect
• B. The Corona effect
• C. The Archimedes effect
• D. The tidal effect

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Coriolis effect is the effect of the Earth's rotation on the atmosphere and on all objects on the Earth's surface. It causes moving objects and currents to be deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. This deflection is a result of the rotation of the Earth and plays a crucial role in influencing weather patterns and ocean currents around the globe. The other choices provided are incorrect. The Corona effect is related to the Sun's atmosphere, the Archimedes effect involves buoyancy in fluids, and the tidal effect is associated with the gravitational forces between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun.

4. Phenotype refers to the _ of an individual.

• A. Genetic makeup
• B. Actual physical appearance
• C. Recessive alleles
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phenotype refers to the actual physical appearance and characteristics of an individual, which are determined by the interaction of both genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. It includes visible traits such as height, eye color, and hair type. Choice A, genetic makeup, refers to the genotype, which is the genetic constitution of an organism. Choice C, recessive alleles, is a specific type of gene variant and does not encompass the entire concept of phenotype. Choice D, none of the above, is incorrect as phenotype does refer to the actual physical appearance of an individual.

5. Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer):

• A. Cell membrane
• B. Cell wall
• C. Ribosome
• D. Chloroplast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Plant cells have a cell wall (B) which provides structural support and protection for the cell, a feature that is not present in animal cells. The cell membrane (A) is found in both plant and animal cells. Ribosomes (C) are present in both types of cells and are responsible for protein synthesis. Chloroplasts (D) are unique to plant cells and are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answers are B and D because the cell wall and chloroplast are specific to plant cells, while the cell membrane and ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells.

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