Nursing Elites

1. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy?

• A. Sympathetic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation, conserving energy, and facilitating activities like digestion and lowering heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system, which is not the correct answer, triggers the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and releasing adrenaline. The somatic nervous system (choice C) controls voluntary movements, not the autonomic functions related to 'rest and digest.' The central nervous system (choice D) includes the brain and spinal cord and is not specifically involved in the autonomic regulation of bodily functions like the 'rest and digest' response.

2. What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?

• A. Solubility
• B. Miscibility
• C. Immiscibility
• D. Reactivity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Solubility is the property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. When a substance is soluble in another, it means it can form a homogeneous solution by dispersing at a molecular level within the solvent. Miscibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of two liquids to mix and form a homogeneous solution. Immiscibility indicates the inability of substances to mix to form a homogeneous solution. Reactivity pertains to the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, which is distinct from the concept of solubility.

3. Which of the following systems is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body?

• A. Respiratory
• B. Circulatory
• C. Nervous
• D. Digestive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Circulatory. The circulatory system, made up of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. It plays a vital role in delivering oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and removing waste products from cells. The respiratory system, on the other hand, is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs. The nervous system transmits signals between different parts of the body, while the digestive system processes food and absorbs nutrients from it. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are not primarily involved in the transportation of blood throughout the body.

4. Are red hair and a height of six feet part of an individual's genotype or phenotype?

• A. Red hair is part of the phenotype; height is part of the genotype.
• B. Red hair is part of the genotype; height is part of the phenotype.
• C. Both characteristics describe his genotype.
• D. Both characteristics describe his phenotype.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In the context of genetics, genotype refers to an individual's genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of the genotype with the environment. Red hair and a height of six feet are observable characteristics, making them part of the individual's phenotype. Therefore, both red hair and height are aspects of the individual's phenotype. Choices A and B are incorrect as they incorrectly assign one characteristic to the genotype and the other to the phenotype, which is not accurate. Choice C is incorrect as it states that both characteristics describe the genotype, which is inaccurate as they are observable traits. The correct answer is D, as both red hair and height are observable traits or characteristics, falling under the definition of phenotype in genetics.

5. When a car brakes to a stop, friction between the tires and the road acts as:

• A. A balanced force
• B. An unbalanced force causing deceleration
• C. An unbalanced force causing the car to remain at rest
• D. No force at all

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a car brakes to a stop, friction between the tires and the road acts as an unbalanced force causing deceleration. This friction force opposes the motion of the car, resulting in a decrease in speed until the car comes to a complete stop. Choice A is incorrect because if the forces were balanced, the car would not experience any deceleration. Choice C is incorrect because if the force were unbalanced in the direction of motion, the car would continue to move instead of coming to a stop. Choice D is incorrect because friction between the tires and the road does exert a force, causing deceleration.

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