Nursing Elites

1. Where does sperm maturation take place in the male reproductive system?

• A. Seminal vesicles
• B. Prostate gland
• C. Epididymis
• D. Vas Deferens

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis, a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle. In the epididymis, sperm gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg. It serves as a storage site for mature sperm until ejaculation. The seminal vesicles and the prostate gland contribute fluids to semen, enhancing sperm viability and motility. The vas deferens is responsible for transporting mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation, but it is not where sperm maturation takes place. Therefore, the correct answer is the epididymis.

2. What is the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation on the X chromosome?

• A. Autosomal dominant disorder
• B. Autosomal recessive disorder
• C. Sex-linked recessive disorder
• D. Sex-linked dominant disorder

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A genetic disorder caused by a mutation on the X chromosome is termed a sex-linked recessive disorder (Option C). This type of disorder is more commonly seen in males due to their single X chromosome, making them more vulnerable to X-linked mutations. Females have two X chromosomes, providing a protective effect against X-linked disorders.\n- Autosomal dominant disorders (Option A) result from a mutation in one copy of a gene on non-sex chromosomes (autosomes) and are not specifically related to the X chromosome.\n- Autosomal recessive disorders (Option B) occur due to mutations in both copies of a gene on autosomes, not on the X chromosome.\n- Sex-linked dominant disorders (Option D) are rare and lead to more severe symptoms in males as they only require one copy of the mutated gene on the X chromosome to express the disorder. However, this is not the term for a genetic disorder caused by an X chromosome mutation.

3. What is the name for the change in enthalpy (heat) associated with a chemical reaction at constant pressure?

• A. Entropy
• B. Enthalpy
• C. Gibbs free energy
• D. Heat of reaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Heat of reaction. The heat of reaction, also known as the enthalpy change, is the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction at constant pressure. Entropy (A) is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system and is not specifically related to heat changes in a chemical reaction. Enthalpy (B) is the total heat content of a system and not just the change associated with a reaction. Gibbs free energy (C) is a measure of the energy available to do work in a system at constant temperature and pressure, but it is not the specific term for the heat change in a chemical reaction.

4. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic refers to:

• A. The lowest concentration that kills bacteria
• B. The dose required for 50% bacterial inhibition
• C. The time it takes for an antibiotic to work
• D. The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) The lowest concentration that kills bacteria is known as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), not the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria. B) The MIC of an antibiotic is the concentration at which bacterial growth is inhibited by 50%. This concentration is used to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against a specific bacterium. C) The time it takes for an antibiotic to work is not described by the MIC. MIC is a measure of concentration, not time. D) The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets is not defined by the MIC. The MIC value is specific to a particular antibiotic and bacterium, regardless of the spectrum of activity of the antibiotic.

5. A person pushes a box across a floor with a constant force. The box eventually comes to a stop due to friction. What happens to the work done by the person?

• A. It increases as the box moves further.
• B. It decreases as the box slows down.
• C. It remains constant throughout the motion.
• D. It becomes zero once the box stops.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Work done is defined as the product of the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force. In this scenario, when the box comes to a stop, the displacement becomes zero, leading to zero work done by the person. Choice A is incorrect as the work done is not increasing, but rather decreasing as the box slows down. Choice B is incorrect because the work done does not decrease as the box slows down; it becomes zero when the box stops. Choice C is incorrect as the work done is not constant but decreases to zero when the box stops.

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