what is the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science practice

1. What is the term for a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a mitochondrial gene?

A. Autosomal dominant disorder
B. Autosomal recessive disorder
C. Sex-linked disorder
D. Mitochondrial disorder

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Autosomal dominant disorder: This type of genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in one copy of an autosomal gene. It is not related to mitochondrial gene mutations. B) Autosomal recessive disorder: This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in both copies of an autosomal gene. It is not related to mitochondrial gene mutations. C) Sex-linked disorder: This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in genes located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y). It is not related to mitochondrial gene mutations. D) Mitochondrial disorder: Mitochondrial disorders are genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes located in the mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within cells. These disorders are inherited maternally and can affect various organs and systems in the body due to the role of mitochondria in energy production.

2. What causes lymphedema, a chronic condition, to occur?

A. Inflammation of lymph nodes
B. Blockage of lymph vessels
C. Malfunction of the spleen
D. Decrease in bone marrow production

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lymphedema is a chronic condition that occurs when lymph vessels become blocked, leading to swelling and fluid retention in the affected area. Inflammation of lymph nodes, spleen malfunction, or decreased bone marrow production are not directly associated with the development of lymphedema. Lymph vessels play a crucial role in carrying lymphatic fluid, and when they are blocked, it disrupts the normal flow of fluid, resulting in lymphedema. Therefore, the correct answer is that lymphedema occurs when lymph vessels become blocked.

3. How can a concave mirror be used?

A. Focus light to a single point
B. Create only virtual images
C. Always magnify objects
D. Scatter light

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A concave mirror can be used to focus light to a single point. This property is known as converging light rays to a focal point. When light rays parallel to the principal axis strike a concave mirror, they converge at a specific point called the focal point. This ability to focus light makes concave mirrors useful in applications such as reflecting telescopes and shaving mirrors. Choice B is incorrect because concave mirrors can create both real and virtual images, depending on the object's position relative to the mirror. Choice C is incorrect as concave mirrors can magnify, reduce, or maintain the size of objects, depending on the object's position and the distance from the mirror. Choice D is incorrect as concave mirrors do not scatter light but instead have the ability to reflect and focus light to produce clear images.

4. Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

A. Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
B. Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
C. Movement of water and solutes together
D. Movement of large molecules through a membrane

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Osmosis is the process where water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Choice A is incorrect because osmosis does not involve movement against the concentration gradient. Choice C is incorrect because osmosis primarily involves the movement of water, not water and solutes together. Choice D is incorrect as osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water molecules, not large molecules, through a membrane.

5. What property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Wavelength
D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency is the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a given time period. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the intensity or loudness of a sound wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium. Therefore, in sound waves, it is the frequency that primarily determines the pitch, making option B the correct answer.