Nursing Elites

1. What process involves the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Osmosis
• C. Active Transport
• D. Facilitated Diffusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Osmosis is the process specifically involving the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. This process helps balance concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Choice A, Diffusion, refers to the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, not specific to water. Choice C, Active Transport, requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, unlike osmosis. Choice D, Facilitated Diffusion, involves the use of transport proteins to move specific substances across membranes, not limited to water molecules.

2. Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is true?

• A. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing
• B. Organs included in the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
• C. The respiratory system conveys oxygen into our bodies and removes carbon dioxide from our bodies
• D. All of the Above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Additionally, the respiratory system is responsible for conveying oxygen into our bodies and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies. Therefore, all the statements provided are true, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C are all accurate statements about the respiratory system, reinforcing the correctness of choosing option D.

3. Which component is not found in the nucleotide of DNA?

• A. Simple sugar
• B. Nitrogen base
• C. Phosphate group
• D. Citric acid

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Citric acid is not found in the nucleotide of DNA. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a simple sugar (deoxyribose), a nitrogen base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine), and a phosphate group. Citric acid is not part of DNA nucleotides; instead, it is involved in the citric acid cycle of cellular respiration. Choices A, B, and C are essential components of DNA nucleotides, making them incorrect answers.

4. Which of the following is not found within a bacterial cell?

• A. mitochondria
• B. DNA
• C. vesicles
• D. ribosome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mitochondria. Mitochondria are not found in bacterial cells. Bacterial cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, which are commonly found in eukaryotic cells. Choices B, C, and D are all components that can be found within a bacterial cell. Bacterial cells contain DNA as their genetic material, vesicles for various cellular functions, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Therefore, the presence of mitochondria is the distinguishing factor that is not found in bacterial cells, making option A the correct answer.

5. What is the typical result of mitosis in humans?

• A. two diploid cells
• B. two haploid cells
• C. four diploid cells
• D. four haploid cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: two diploid cells. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. In humans, the typical result of mitosis is the formation of two diploid cells, not haploid or four cells. Choice B, two haploid cells, is incorrect because mitosis produces genetically identical diploid cells. Choices C and D, four diploid cells and four haploid cells, respectively, are incorrect as mitosis results in two daughter cells, not four.

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