Nursing Elites

1. Which macromolecules are composed of nucleotides and store information and energy?

• A. Lipids
• B. Proteins
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nucleic acids. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotides and are responsible for storing genetic information and energy (e.g., ATP). Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are distinct macromolecules with varying functions and structures. Lipids primarily serve as energy reservoirs, structural components, and cell signaling molecules. Proteins play crucial roles in cellular functions like enzyme activity, structural support, and intracellular signaling. Carbohydrates are mainly utilized as an energy source and for structural purposes within cells.

2. What is the diastole cycle in the heart?

• A. Relaxation of the heart
• B. Contraction of the heart
• C. Pulse rate of the heart
• D. Blood circulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The diastole cycle in the heart refers to the relaxation phase, where the heart chambers relax and fill with blood. This phase is crucial for the heart to refill and prepare for the next contraction (systole), which pumps blood out of the heart. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Relaxation of the heart.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of cardiac physiology. Choice B, 'Contraction of the heart,' refers to systole, the phase of heart contraction. Choice C, 'Pulse rate of the heart,' is related to the number of heartbeats per minute, not the diastole cycle specifically. Choice D, 'Blood circulation,' is a broader term that encompasses the entire circulatory system rather than focusing on the heart's specific relaxation phase.

3. Which term refers to the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume and is commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic meter?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Density
• D. Volume

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Density is the measure of the mass of a substance per unit volume and is commonly expressed in kilograms per cubic meter. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, weight is the force of gravity acting on an object, and volume is the amount of space an object occupies. In this context, density is the correct term for expressing the measure of mass per unit volume, making it the most appropriate choice among the options provided.

4. What happens during a physical change in matter?

• A. A new substance with different properties is formed
• B. The chemical composition of the substance changes
• C. The original substance can be recovered by physical means
• D. Energy is either released or absorbed

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During a physical change in matter, the original substance undergoes a change in its physical state or appearance without any change in its chemical composition. This means that the original substance can be recovered by physical means, such as melting, freezing, boiling, or condensing. No new substance is formed (option A), the chemical composition remains the same (option B), and energy changes can occur but are not a defining characteristic of a physical change (option D). The ability to recover the original substance by physical means distinguishes physical changes from chemical changes.

5. What is the name of the monthly cycle in females that prepares the body for potential pregnancy?

• A. Ovulation cycle
• B. Menstrual cycle
• C. Implantation cycle
• D. Gestation cycle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is the monthly series of changes that occur in the female reproductive system, preparing the body for potential pregnancy. One of the key events in this cycle is the thickening of the uterine lining in anticipation of receiving a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, this thickened lining is shed during menstruation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The ovulation cycle specifically refers to the release of the egg from the ovary, not the entire monthly reproductive cycle. The implantation cycle is the phase when a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining, not the overall monthly cycle. The gestation cycle pertains to the period of development from conception to birth, not the cycle preparing for potential pregnancy.

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