Nursing Elites

1. Consider the graph representing a botanist's data on root growth. What is the independent variable?

• A. Temperature
• B. Root tissue
• C. Light exposure
• D. Root length

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The independent variable is the factor that is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher. In this case, light exposure is the independent variable because it is being controlled and tested to observe its effect on root growth. Choices A, B, and D are not the independent variable in this scenario. Temperature, root tissue, and root length are likely dependent variables that could be influenced by the changes in light exposure.

2. Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus defines the atomic number of the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element. While electrons, protons, and neutrons are fundamental particles, an atom as a whole is the smallest part of an element that maintains its unique identity. Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus, and neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Atom.'

3. What are the four types of cells in the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa?

• A. Endocrine, parietal, chief, mucous cells
• B. Parietal, mucous, goblet, endocrine cells
• C. Chief, parietal, goblet, lymphoid cells
• D. Goblet, lymphoid, parietal, chief cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Endocrine, parietal, chief, mucous cells. In the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa, the four types of cells are endocrine (producing hormones), parietal (secreting acid and intrinsic factor), chief (responsible for producing digestive enzymes), and mucous cells (providing protection to the stomach lining). These cells play essential roles in the digestive processes and maintaining the health of the stomach mucosa. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa. Parietal cells secrete acid and intrinsic factor, chief cells produce digestive enzymes, and mucous cells provide protection, making these the correct choices in the context of gastric gland cellular composition.

4. Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Heart
• C. Blood
• D. Blood vessels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are part of the urinary system, responsible for filtering waste and maintaining fluid balance in the body. In the circulatory system, the heart pumps blood, blood carries oxygen and nutrients, and blood vessels transport blood throughout the body. Choices B, C, and D are all components of the circulatory system, making the kidneys the correct choice as it belongs to the urinary system.

5. Which of the following is a pair of nerves that originates from the brain?

• A. Spinal nerves
• B. Olfactory nerves
• C. Sciatic nerve
• D. Optic nerve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The olfactory nerves, choice B, are a pair of cranial nerves that originate from the brain. They are responsible for the sense of smell and are the only cranial nerves that directly connect to the cerebrum. Spinal nerves, choice A, originate from the spinal cord, the sciatic nerve, choice C, is a large nerve that originates in the lower back, and the optic nerve, choice D, originates from the retina of the eye. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not originate directly from the brain.

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