Nursing Elites

1. A physician prescribes a drug to help control a person's anxiety attacks. This drug most likely targets the

• A. Amygdala.
• B. Parietal lobe.
• C. Hypothalamus.
• D. Sensory neuron.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amygdala. The amygdala is a key brain structure involved in the processing of emotions, including anxiety. Medications for anxiety disorders often target the amygdala to help regulate emotional responses and control anxiety attacks. The amygdala plays a crucial role in the brain's fear circuit and is essential for the appropriate response to stress and threat perception. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the parietal lobe is primarily involved in sensory processing and spatial reasoning, the hypothalamus regulates basic functions like hunger, thirst, and body temperature, and sensory neurons transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system, none of which are directly related to the regulation of anxiety attacks.

2. What is the term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis?

• A. Desquamation
• B. Exfoliation
• C. Keratinization
• D. Epidermolysis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Desquamation is the correct term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis. This process is essential for skin renewal, allowing the removal of dead skin cells from the skin's surface. Exfoliation, on the other hand, involves the removal of dead skin cells through mechanical or chemical methods. Keratinization refers to the process where skin cells produce the protein keratin, contributing to the skin's protective barrier. Epidermolysis is a condition characterized by the separation of the epidermis from the dermis due to a structural defect in the skin.

3. Which of the following structures connects muscle to bone?

• A. Ligaments
• B. Tendons
• C. Muscles
• D. Bones

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tendons are the correct answer as they are fibrous structures that connect muscle to bone, enabling the transmission of force during movement. Ligaments, on the contrary, connect bone to bone, aiding in joint stability. Muscles contract to generate force and facilitate movement, while bones provide structural support and protect internal organs.

4. What is the main function of the small intestine?

• A. To store food and break it down into smaller pieces
• B. To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
• C. To produce enzymes that help digest food
• D. To eliminate waste products from the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is a crucial part of the digestive system responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream. This absorption primarily occurs through the villi lining the small intestine, which increases the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream to support various bodily functions such as energy production, growth, and repair. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately depict the primary function of the small intestine, which is nutrient absorption.

5. Abduction is defined as which of the following?

• A. Movement away from the midline of the body
• B. Movement that results in a decrease in the angle of a joint
• C. Movement that results in an increase in the angle of a joint
• D. Movement towards the midline of the body

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Abduction is defined as movement away from the midline of the body. This movement occurs in the coronal plane and is essential in various body functions such as raising the arms sideways. Choices B, C, and D describe movements that are different from abduction. Choice B refers to flexion, which decreases the angle of a joint. Choice C describes extension, which increases the angle of a joint. Choice D defines adduction, which involves movement towards the midline of the body. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A.

Similar Questions