Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for the transfer of energy through a food chain?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Transpiration
• D. Trophic cascade

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: A) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll. B) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP. C) Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots, moves through the plant, and is released as vapor through pores in the leaves. D) Trophic cascade refers to the transfer of energy through a food chain or food web, where the impact of a predator on its prey cascades down the food chain, affecting multiple trophic levels. This term describes the indirect effects that predators can have on lower trophic levels, influencing the entire ecosystem.

2. What type of reaction is represented by the following equation: 2C₆H₁₄ + 19O₂ → 12CO + 14H₂O?

• A. Substitution reaction
• B. Acid-base reaction
• C. Enzyme reaction
• D. Combustion reaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The given chemical equation represents a combustion reaction. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a hydrocarbon (C₆H₁₄) in the presence of oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon monoxide (CO) and water (H₂O). Combustion reactions typically release heat and light energy. In this case, the reactants are a hydrocarbon and oxygen, resulting in the formation of carbon monoxide and water. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the reaction does not involve substitution, acid-base reactions, or enzyme catalysis. Combustion reactions are characterized by the rapid combination of a substance with oxygen, leading to the production of heat and light energy.

3. What is the role of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels?

• A. To produce insulin only
• B. To produce both insulin and glucagon
• C. To store glucose
• D. To produce adrenaline

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by producing both insulin and glucagon. Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by stimulating the release of stored glucose into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas produces both insulin and glucagon. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas does not store glucose; instead, it regulates glucose levels. Choice D is incorrect because adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is not directly involved in regulating blood sugar levels.

4. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. Digesting and absorbing nutrients
• B. Storing and mixing food
• C. Breaking down carbohydrates
• D. Absorbing water and electrolytes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from the indigestible food matter that passes through it. This absorption process aids in the formation of solid waste (feces) before it is excreted from the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the large intestine does not primarily digest and absorb nutrients, store and mix food, or break down carbohydrates. These functions are primarily carried out by the small intestine.

5. Anya was paid by Company X to analyze dwindling honeybee populations in the Southwest. After measuring hive populations over several months, she noticed no patterns in the geographic distributions of the deaths after comparisons with local maps of interest. This supported her hypothesis, so she took samples of the honey and the bees from the hives and performed dozens of dissections to confirm her suspicions. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis upon which this research was performed?

• A. Honeybees are being killed off, and their hives are destroyed by other extremely aggressive species of bees from the South.
• B. Honeybees are contracting parasites in large droves.
• C. Honeybees are so sensitive to certain pesticides that they die on contact.
• D. Honeybees die in larger numbers around cell phone towers.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most likely hypothesis based on the information provided is that honeybees are contracting parasites in large droves. Anya observed no geographic patterns in hive deaths and proceeded to analyze honey and bees for further investigation. This suggests that she suspected a widespread issue affecting multiple hives simultaneously, consistent with a scenario where honeybees are being infected by parasites in high numbers, leading to dwindling populations across different locations. The other choices can be eliminated because there is no mention of aggressive species of bees from the South, no evidence pointing to pesticide sensitivity as the cause, and no indication of a correlation with cell phone towers in the information provided.

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