Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated solution is defined as a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a specific temperature and pressure. In a saturated solution, any additional solute added will not dissolve, resulting in a visible precipitate. Choice B, unsaturated solution, refers to a solution where more solute can still be dissolved. Choices C and D, dilute solution and concentrated solution, do not specifically refer to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure, making them incorrect in this context.

2. Which organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, producing ATP for energy?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for cellular respiration, a process that produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for energy. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and vacuole, have distinct functions within the cell and are not directly involved in cellular respiration. The nucleus contains genetic material, the Golgi apparatus is involved in protein processing and packaging, and the vacuole is responsible for storage and maintaining cell turgor pressure.

3. What is the primary source of energy entering most ecosystems?

• A. Chemical energy stored in bonds
• B. Thermal energy from the Earth's core
• C. Light energy from the sun
• D. Kinetic energy from wind and water

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In most ecosystems, the primary source of energy is sunlight. This energy is captured by plants and other photosynthetic organisms through the process of photosynthesis. These organisms convert light energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of organic molecules, such as glucose. This stored chemical energy is then passed on to other organisms in the ecosystem through the food chain, making sunlight the fundamental source of energy for most ecosystems. Thermal energy from the Earth's core (option B) is not a primary source of energy for ecosystems, as it is not readily accessible to most organisms. Kinetic energy from wind and water (option D) can play a role in some ecosystems, but it is not the primary source of energy. Chemical energy stored in bonds (option A) is a form of energy that is ultimately derived from the sun through photosynthesis, making it a product of the primary energy source rather than the primary source itself.

4. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in its state?

• A. Mass
• B. Volume
• C. Density
• D. Weight

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mass.' Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in its state. When matter changes its state (solid, liquid, gas), its mass remains the same. On the other hand, volume can change with the shape the matter takes, density changes as the mass is distributed differently, and weight can vary with the gravitational pull. Therefore, mass is the property that remains constant irrespective of the state of matter, making it the correct choice in this scenario.

5. What is the best tool to measure the volume of a solid?

• A. Triple beam balance
• B. Measuring wheel and mathematical formula
• C. Graduated cylinder
• D. Measuring wheel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A graduated cylinder is the most suitable tool to measure the volume of both liquids and solids. It works by measuring the displacement of water when the solid is submerged in the graduated cylinder. Choice A, the triple beam balance, is used to measure mass, not volume. Choice B, using a measuring wheel and mathematical formula, is typically used to measure distance or area, not volume. Choice D, a measuring wheel, is used to measure distance, making it inappropriate for measuring the volume of a solid.

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