Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness?

• A. Cramp
• B. Spasm
• C. Tic
• D. Fibrosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A spasm is a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness. While cramps are a type of spasm, not all spasms are cramps. Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds made involuntarily. Fibrosis refers to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as part of a reparative or reactive process. In this context, a spasm best fits the description provided, making it the correct answer. Cramp, although related to spasms, is more specific and not the general term being sought. Tic does not describe a muscle contraction but rather sudden movements or sounds. Fibrosis does not directly relate to muscle contractions but rather to the formation of excess fibrous tissue in organs or tissues.

2. What is the muscular sac in the female body that nourishes and protects a developing fetus during pregnancy?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Uterus
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the uterus. The uterus is a muscular organ in the female body where a developing fetus is nourished and protected during pregnancy. It is the site where a fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus. The ovaries produce eggs, the fallopian tubes transport the egg to the uterus for potential fertilization, and the vagina serves as the birth canal and the passage for menstrual blood to exit the body. Therefore, the uterus plays a crucial role in pregnancy by providing a nurturing environment for the developing fetus.

3. Which of the following is considered an intensive property?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Density is an intensive property because it does not depend on the amount of matter present. Intensive properties are independent of the quantity of the substance and remain constant regardless of the size or amount of the sample being measured. Mass, weight, and volume are extensive properties that depend on the amount of substance present. Mass and weight change with the amount of matter, while volume changes as the quantity of the substance changes. Therefore, they are not considered intensive properties.

4. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a high percentage of CO2 and a very low percentage of O2 in the blood?

• A. Asphyxia
• B. Emphysema
• C. Eupnea
• D. Hypoxia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Asphyxia is the correct answer as it refers to a condition with high CO2 and low O2 levels in the blood. Asphyxia can result in oxygen deprivation and excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, posing a life-threatening situation if not treated promptly. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. Eupnea denotes normal breathing without any abnormalities. Hypoxia, on the other hand, involves low oxygen levels reaching the body's tissues, which can result from various causes such as reduced oxygen in the air or respiratory issues.

5. Which type of blood cell is responsible for carrying oxygen?

• A. White blood cell
• B. Red blood cell
• C. Platelet
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body. White blood cells (Choice A) are part of the immune system and help fight infections, not involved in carrying oxygen. Platelets (Choice C) are responsible for blood clotting, not oxygen transport. Plasma (Choice D) is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients and waste products, but it does not directly carry oxygen.

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