what is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of an atom
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ATI TEAS 7

ati teas 7 science

1. What is the difference between the atomic number and the mass number of an atom?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The atomic number of an atom represents the number of protons in its nucleus, which defines the element's identity. On the other hand, the mass number corresponds to the total sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Therefore, the key distinction between the atomic number and the mass number lies in the fact that the atomic number specifically counts the protons, whereas the mass number encompasses both protons and neutrons. Choice B is incorrect because the atomic number is not related to the number of electrons but rather to the number of protons. Choice C is incorrect because the atomic number is not the number of neutrons but the number of protons. Choice D is incorrect because the atomic number does not include neutrons; it is solely the number of protons.

2. Which of the following is true regarding adipocytes?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Adipocytes are responsible for storing the fat found in adipose tissue. These specialized cells store energy in the form of fat and play a key role in energy balance and metabolism. Adipocytes do not secrete glucose; that function is typically attributed to other cells like pancreatic beta cells. Adipocytes are not involved in the digestive breakdown of fat, as this process primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system with the help of enzymes. Adipocytes are distinct from the foundational elements of muscles, which are primarily made up of muscle fibers and associated connective tissues.

3. In a food chain, which trophic level captures energy from the sun?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Producers, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, are the organisms in a food chain that capture energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis. They convert sunlight into chemical energy, which is then passed on to other organisms in the food chain. Producers are at the base of the food chain and form the foundation for all other trophic levels to obtain energy. Decomposers (option A) break down organic matter, carnivores (option B) consume other animals, and omnivores (option D) consume both plants and animals, but they do not directly capture energy from the sun.

4. Which state of matter has particles that are highly organized in a fixed pattern and vibrate in place?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Solid.' Solids have particles that are tightly packed together in a fixed pattern, allowing them to vibrate in place. This highly organized structure gives solids a definite shape and volume. In contrast, liquids have particles that are close together but can move past each other, enabling them to flow and take the shape of their container. Gases have particles that are far apart and move freely in all directions, filling the entire space available to them. Plasmas, on the other hand, have highly energized particles that do not have a fixed pattern and are not confined by a definite volume or shape.

5. The immune response can be categorized into two main branches:

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - The immune response can be broadly categorized into two main branches: the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response. - The humoral immune response involves the production of antibodies by B cells and is primarily responsible for defending against extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in the bloodstream and tissues. - The cellular immune response involves the activation of T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response. This branch is crucial for combating intracellular pathogens like viruses and some bacteria. - Options B, C, and D do not accurately represent the main branches of the immune response and are therefore incorrect.

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