Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of bile in digestion?

• A. To break down carbohydrates
• B. To emulsify fats
• C. To neutralize stomach acid
• D. To absorb proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion.

2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the use of qualitative and quantitative data in scientific research?

• A. Quantitative data is collected through numerical measurements.
• B. Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data.
• C. Qualitative data is focused on perspectives and behavior.
• D. Qualitative data is collected through observation and interviews.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because quantitative data is not inherently more accurate than qualitative data. Both types of data have their strengths and limitations, and the choice of data type depends on the research question and methodology. Quantitative data is collected through numerical measurements and involves statistical analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data focuses on perspectives, behaviors, and meanings and is typically gathered through observation and interviews. While quantitative data provides numerical precision, qualitative data offers in-depth insights into behaviors and perspectives that cannot be quantified, making them equally valuable in scientific research.

3. Which of the following organs is responsible for filtering waste from the blood?

• A. Liver
• B. Kidneys
• C. Pancreas
• D. Heart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidneys. The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. The liver is involved in detoxification and metabolism, while the pancreas aids in digestion and blood sugar regulation. The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body and does not directly filter waste from the blood.

4. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

• A. Interphase
• B. Mitosis
• C. Meiosis
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell spends the majority of its time and is characterized by three subphases: G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), and G2 (Gap 2). DNA replication specifically occurs during the S phase of interphase. This is a crucial step as it ensures that each daughter cell produced during cell division receives an exact copy of the genetic material. Mitosis is responsible for the equal distribution of the replicated DNA to the daughter cells during cell division. Meiosis is a specialized cell division process for gamete production in sexually reproducing organisms, involving two rounds of division to generate haploid cells. Cytokinesis is the final step of the cell cycle, where the cytoplasm divides to complete the formation of two separate daughter cells following nuclear division.

5. Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of a physiological structure?

• A. The trachea connects the throat and the stomach.
• B. The esophagus joins the larynx with the lungs.
• C. The diaphragm controls the height of the thoracic cavity.
• D. The epiglottis covers the trachea during swallowing.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food and liquids from entering the airway. This action helps direct food into the esophagus, ensuring proper passage into the digestive system and avoiding potential choking or aspiration into the lungs. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the trachea connects the larynx to the bronchi, the esophagus connects the throat to the stomach, and the diaphragm is a muscle that plays a vital role in breathing by separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, aiding in respiration.

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