Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of bile in digestion?

• A. To break down carbohydrates
• B. To emulsify fats
• C. To neutralize stomach acid
• D. To absorb proteins

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets for easier digestion.

2. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Glucagon is the correct answer. Produced by the pancreas, glucagon acts in opposition to insulin by increasing blood sugar levels. Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver, leading to the release of glucose into the bloodstream. Insulin, on the other hand, lowers blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is involved in stress response and metabolism. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism.

3. What is the scientific term for scar tissue?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Fibrous connective tissue
• C. Cartilage
• D. Adipose tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct scientific term for scar tissue is fibrous connective tissue. Scar tissue is primarily composed of fibrous connective tissue, which forms as part of the body's natural healing process in response to injury or trauma. Epithelial tissue, cartilage, and adipose tissue are not typically involved in scar formation. Therefore, the correct answer is fibrous connective tissue, as it is the specific type of tissue that makes up scar tissue.

4. Where is oxygen exchanged between blood and tissues?

• A. capillaries
• B. veins
• C. ventricles
• D. arteries

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oxygen is exchanged between blood and tissues primarily at the capillaries. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs between the blood and the tissues. This exchange process is crucial for delivering oxygen to the body's cells and eliminating carbon dioxide waste. Veins carry blood back to the heart, arteries carry blood away from the heart, and ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart responsible for pumping blood. Therefore, capillaries are the correct answer for where oxygen is exchanged between blood and tissues.

5. What is the main function of the urinary system?

• A. Transporting oxygen
• B. Fighting off infections
• C. Maintaining acid-base balance
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main function of the urinary system is to maintain the body's acid-base balance. This is achieved by regulating the levels of electrolytes and water in the body. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood to form urine, which helps to regulate the pH balance. Choice A, transporting oxygen, is primarily the function of the respiratory system. Choice B, fighting off infections, is a function of the immune system. Therefore, the correct answer is maintaining acid-base balance.

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