Nursing Elites

1. What is the process by which the body reabsorbs water from the large intestine?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Osmosis
• C. Filtration
• D. Secretion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Osmosis (Option B) is the correct process by which the body reabsorbs water from the large intestine. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In the large intestine, water is reabsorbed through osmosis to maintain the body's fluid balance. Dehydration (Option A) refers to the condition of having insufficient water in the body, not the process of water reabsorption in the large intestine. Filtration (Option C) is a process where a liquid or gas passes through a filter to separate the components, not the primary mechanism for water reabsorption in the large intestine. Secretion (Option D) is the release of substances from cells, but it is not the process by which the body reabsorbs water from the large intestine.

2. Which of the following is a property of amphiprotic substances?

• A. React with acids only
• B. React with bases only
• C. Can act as both acids and bases
• D. Are inert in chemical reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Can act as both acids and bases. Amphiprotic substances have the ability to donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base) depending on the reaction conditions. This dual nature allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, making them versatile and important in various chemical processes. Choices A and B are incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not limited to reacting with only acids or bases; they can interact with both. Choice D is incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not inert; they actively participate in chemical reactions by donating or accepting protons.

3. Which of the following is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the main organ responsible for absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals occurs. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption. While the stomach plays a role in breaking down food into smaller particles, the actual absorption of nutrients primarily takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine mainly absorbs water and electrolytes, and the pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones but is not primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients.

4. What is the name of the sheath of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle?

• A. Epimysium
• B. Perimysium
• C. Endomysium
• D. Myofibril

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Epimysium. The epimysium is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle, providing protection and support to the muscle as a whole. Perimysium, which surrounds bundles of muscle fibers known as fascicles, is not the sheath that surrounds the entire muscle. Endomysium surrounds individual muscle fibers, not the entire muscle. Myofibril is a structure within muscle fibers that contains the contractile proteins responsible for muscle contraction, but it is not the sheath of connective tissue surrounding the muscle.

5. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

• A. Muscle wasting
• B. Night blindness
• C. Scurvy
• D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a severe acute malnutrition condition resulting from insufficient dietary protein intake. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and notably, muscle wasting. Muscle wasting occurs as the body breaks down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is associated with vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) results from a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

Similar Questions