Nursing Elites

1. What is the network of vessels and ducts responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues?

• A. Circulatory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Lymphatic system
• D. Respiratory system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the Lymphatic system (option C). The lymphatic system is responsible for draining excess fluid and waste products from tissues. It works alongside the circulatory system to maintain fluid balance in the body. The circulatory system (option A) transports blood, the digestive system (option B) processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates solid waste, while the respiratory system (option D) is responsible for gas exchange, specifically the intake of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.

2. What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm?

• A. Cytokinesis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Meiosis
• D. Apoptosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cytokinesis is the correct term for the division of the cytoplasm during cell division. It is the final stage of cell division, following either mitosis or meiosis, where the cytoplasm of a parent cell is divided into two daughter cells. Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, while meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is programmed cell death and not the division of the cytoplasm.

3. What is the small repeating unit in the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle?

• A. Myofibril
• B. Actin
• C. Sarcomere
• D. Myosin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sarcomere.' The sarcomere is the smallest repeating unit within myofibrils and is responsible for muscle contraction in skeletal muscle. It consists of overlapping actin and myosin filaments arranged in a highly organized structure that allows for the sliding of filaments during muscle contraction. 'Myofibril' (choice A) is incorrect because it is a larger structure composed of sarcomeres. 'Actin' (choice B) and 'Myosin' (choice D) are incorrect as they are individual proteins that are components of the sarcomere, not the smallest repeating unit itself.

4. When two cars with different masses collide head-on, which car experiences a greater change in momentum?

• A. The car with the larger mass
• B. The car with the smaller mass
• C. Both cars experience the same change in momentum
• D. It depends on the initial velocities of the cars

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a head-on collision between two cars, the law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of the isolated system remains constant before and after the collision. The change in momentum of one car is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the change in momentum of the other car. As a result, both cars experience the same change in momentum during the collision. Choice A is incorrect because the change in momentum is the same for both cars due to the conservation of momentum principle. Choice B is incorrect as the smaller mass car does not experience a greater change in momentum. Choice D is incorrect as the initial velocities of the cars do not determine which car experiences a greater change in momentum; it is solely dependent on the masses of the colliding cars.

5. Which of the following units is equivalent to a joule?

• A. Newton-meter (N·m)
• B. Watt (W)
• C. Kilogram (kg)
• D. Ampere (A)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A joule is the SI unit of energy and work, defined as the work done by a force of one newton acting over a distance of one meter. Therefore, a joule is equivalent to a newton-meter (N·m), which represents the product of force (newton) and distance (meter). This unit reflects the energy transferred when a force of one newton moves an object one meter. Choice B, Watt (W), is the unit of power and is not equivalent to a joule. Choice C, Kilogram (kg), is a unit of mass. Choice D, Ampere (A), is the unit of electric current.

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