Nursing Elites

1. What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Binary Fission
• D. Budding

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell divides and produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice B, Meiosis, is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Choice C, Binary Fission, is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms. Choice D, Budding, is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent.

2. What organelle in the cell produces energy through the process of respiration?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Golgi Apparatus
• D. Chloroplasts

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy through respiration in eukaryotic cells. Choice A, the Nucleus, is not involved in energy production but rather houses the cell's genetic material. Choice C, the Golgi Apparatus, is responsible for packaging and processing proteins, not energy production. Choice D, Chloroplasts, are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, not respiration for energy production.

3. If a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, what will happen to the egg?

• A. Expand because water will move into the egg
• B. Shrivel because water will leave the egg
• C. Remain the same
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. When a hard-boiled egg is placed in a beaker of saltwater, the egg will shrivel because water will leave the egg through osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration, in this case, from the egg into the saltwater. The higher concentration of solute in the saltwater causes water to move out of the egg, leading to the egg shrinking or shriveling. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the egg will not expand, remain the same, or have an outcome different from shriveling when placed in a beaker of saltwater.

4. Patient A, who weighs 68 kilograms, steps onto a scale 20 times. The scale consistently weighs Patient A as 75 kilograms. What is true of the measurement?

• A. It is valid, but not reliable.
• B. It is reliable, but not valid.
• C. It is both valid and reliable.
• D. It is neither reliable nor valid.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'It is reliable, but not valid.' The measurement is reliable because it consistently provides the same result (75 kg). However, it is not valid because it does not accurately reflect the true weight of Patient A (68 kg). Choice A is incorrect because if the scale consistently shows the same weight (75 kg), it is reliable. Choice C is incorrect because although the scale is consistent, the measurement does not reflect the true weight, making it not valid. Choice D is incorrect as the measurement is reliable but lacks validity.

5. Which of these is not an example of a lipid?

• A. Butter
• B. Wax
• C. Canola oil
• D. Honey

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Honey is not an example of a lipid because lipids are fat-related molecules that are insoluble in water, while honey is a natural sweet substance made by bees and primarily consists of sugars such as glucose and fructose. Butter, wax, and canola oil are examples of lipids as they are all composed of fat-related molecules that do not dissolve in water.

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