Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

• A. Energy production
• B. Protein synthesis
• C. Waste removal
• D. Transport of materials

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum's primary function is the transport of materials within the cell. It acts as a network of membranes to assist in the transportation of proteins and other substances throughout the cell. Choice A, 'Energy production,' is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not directly involved in energy production. Choice B, 'Protein synthesis,' is incorrect as protein synthesis mainly occurs in ribosomes, although the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in modifying and transporting proteins. Choice C, 'Waste removal,' is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by other organelles like lysosomes and peroxisomes.

2. The mixture of gases surrounding a planet is referred to as its ______.

• A. Atmosphere
• B. Stratosphere
• C. Biosphere
• D. Troposphere

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The mixture of gases surrounding a planet is referred to as its atmosphere. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth by providing oxygen, regulating carbon dioxide levels, and shielding the planet from harmful radiation. While the stratosphere, troposphere, and other layers are part of the atmosphere, the term 'atmosphere' encompasses the entire gaseous envelope surrounding a planet. The stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere are specific layers within the atmosphere, each with distinct characteristics and functions.

3. Enzymes can _ reactions.

• A. Catalyze
• B. Inhibit
• C. Stop
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Enzymes function as catalysts that promote and accelerate chemical reactions in biological systems. They do this by lowering the activation energy required for the reactions to occur, thereby speeding up the process without being consumed in the reaction. Enzymes facilitate reactions rather than inhibiting or stopping them. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Catalyze.' 'Inhibit' and 'Stop' are incorrect because enzymes do not hinder or halt reactions but rather enhance them.

4. What is the classification of organisms into different categories based on their physical characteristics and presumed natural relationship?

• A. Biology
• B. Taxonomy
• C. Grouping
• D. Nomenclature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Taxonomy is the correct answer. Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with the classification of organisms into different categories based on their physical characteristics and presumed natural relationship. It involves naming and categorizing organisms into hierarchical groups to show their evolutionary relationships. Choice A, 'Biology,' is incorrect as it is the broader field of science that encompasses the study of living organisms. Choice C, 'Grouping,' is incorrect as it is a general term that does not specifically refer to the systematic classification of organisms. Choice D, 'Nomenclature,' is incorrect as it refers to the system of naming organisms rather than the classification based on physical characteristics and natural relationships.

5. Which gives the order of four taxonomic categories from least to most specific?

• A. Kingdom, phylum, class, order
• B. Kingdom, phylum, order, class
• C. Kingdom, order, phylum, class
• D. Kingdom, class, order, phylum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of the four taxonomic categories from least to most specific is Kingdom, phylum, class, and order. This sequence adheres to the hierarchical system of classification where organisms are grouped based on shared characteristics, becoming more specific as you move from Kingdom to order. Choice B is incorrect as the order of 'order' and 'class' is swapped. Choice C is incorrect as 'order' precedes 'phylum' instead of following it. Choice D is incorrect as 'class' should come before 'order'.

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