Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of decomposition in the carbon cycle?

• A. To produce light energy
• B. To convert carbon to fuel
• C. To release carbon dioxide
• D. To store food for consumers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To release carbon dioxide.' Decomposition in the carbon cycle involves breaking down dead organic matter into simpler substances. During this process, carbon is released in the form of carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. This release of carbon dioxide is essential for recycling carbon and making it available for use by living organisms. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decomposition does not produce light energy, convert carbon to fuel, or store food for consumers; its primary role is to recycle carbon through the release of carbon dioxide.

2. What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Binary Fission
• D. Budding

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell divides and produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice B, Meiosis, is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Choice C, Binary Fission, is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms. Choice D, Budding, is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent.

3. What molecule is primarily responsible for providing energy to the cell?

• A. ATP
• B. DNA
• C. ADP
• D. Glycogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Correct! ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the main molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular activities. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell, where energy released from the breakdown of nutrients is stored in the high-energy phosphate bonds of ATP. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because DNA carries genetic information, ADP is the precursor of ATP, and glycogen is a polysaccharide used for energy storage, not direct energy provision.

4. What is represented by this formula: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂?

• A. Glycolysis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Electronic transport

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The formula represents the process of photosynthesis, where carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are converted into glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂) using light energy. This process is essential for plants and some microorganisms to produce food and oxygen. Glycolysis and cellular respiration involve breaking down glucose to produce energy, and the electron transport chain is part of cellular respiration, not photosynthesis.

5. Which is true of the term Phenotype?

• A. It is the genetic code
• B. Phenotype determines genotype
• C. Genotype determines phenotype
• D. Genotype, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors determine phenotype

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The term "phenotype" refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which are determined by a combination of genotype (genetic makeup), epigenetic factors (modifications to gene expression), and environmental factors (external influences and experiences). Genotype, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors all play a role in determining an individual's phenotype, making option D the correct statement. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because the phenotype is not the genetic code, the phenotype does not determine the genotype, and it is the genotype that influences the phenotype, not the other way around.

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