Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

• A. To regulate body temperature
• B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
• C. To fight infection
• D. To break down waste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen and nutrients. The primary function of the circulatory system is to deliver oxygen and essential nutrients to cells throughout the body and remove waste products like carbon dioxide. Choice A is incorrect as regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the body's thermoregulatory system. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infection is mainly the role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as breaking down waste is primarily handled by the digestive system.

2. How does an unbalanced force affect an object at rest?

• A. It maintains the object's state of rest
• B. It does not affect the object's rest
• C. It moves the object into motion
• D. It decreases the object's mass

Correct answer: C

Rationale: An unbalanced force acting on an object at rest will cause the object to move into motion. This is in accordance with Newton's first law of motion, which states that an object at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. Therefore, option C, 'It moves the object into motion,' is the correct answer. Choices A and B are incorrect because an unbalanced force disrupts the object's state of rest. Choice D is incorrect as force does not affect the mass of an object.

3. What is the role of the diaphragm in the respiratory system?

• A. To regulate blood pressure
• B. To contract and expand the lungs
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To absorb oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To contract and expand the lungs. The diaphragm plays a crucial role in the respiratory system by contracting and expanding the lungs. When it contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to be drawn into the lungs. Conversely, when it relaxes, it moves back up, decreasing the thoracic cavity volume and pushing air out of the lungs. This process is essential for breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The diaphragm is not involved in regulating blood pressure, producing red blood cells, or absorbing oxygen. Its primary function is to aid in respiration by facilitating breathing through its contraction and relaxation movements.

4. What are the components of the female internal genitalia and their functions?

• A. Fallopian tubes: transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus
• B. Vagina: serves as the birth canal and connects the uterus to the external environment
• C. Ovaries: produce eggs and hormones
• D. Cervix: serves as the lower part of the uterus connecting it to the vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The ovaries are responsible for producing eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone). They are essential for reproduction, including the release of eggs for fertilization and for regulating the menstrual cycle. The fallopian tubes, as mentioned in choice A, transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus for potential fertilization. The vagina, described in choice B, serves as the birth canal and also connects the uterus to the external environment. The cervix, as stated in choice D, is the lower part of the uterus that connects it to the vagina and also plays a role in protecting the uterus from infections and serving as a passage for menstrual flow.

5. When ethanol (C₂H₅OH) reacts with sodium metal (Na), what is the product?

• A. Ethene (C₂H₄)
• B. Sodium ethoxide (C₂H₅ONa)
• C. Ethane (C₂H₆)
• D. Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When ethanol (C₂H₅OH) reacts with sodium metal (Na), the product formed is Sodium ethoxide (C₂H₅ONa). This reaction is a classic example of a metal displacing hydrogen in an alcohol to form an alkoxide. In this specific case, sodium replaces the hydrogen in ethanol, resulting in the formation of sodium ethoxide. Choice A, Ethene (C₂H₄), is incorrect as it is a different compound formed from the dehydration of ethanol, not its reaction with sodium. Choice C, Ethane (C₂H₆), is incorrect as it is a saturated hydrocarbon, not the product of the reaction of ethanol with sodium metal. Choice D, Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa), is incorrect as it involves acetic acid, not ethanol, reacting with sodium to form the salt sodium acetate.

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