Nursing Elites

1. What is the term for a solution that has exactly the same concentration of solute as another solution?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Isotonic solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: An isotonic solution is a solution that has the same concentration of solute as another solution. When cells are placed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, maintaining equilibrium. Choice A, a saturated solution, refers to a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature. Choice B, an unsaturated solution, is a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions. Choice D, a concentrated solution, is a solution with a high amount of solute compared to the solvent.

2. Which system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes in the body?

• A. Respiratory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Circulatory system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells in the body. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to distribute oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products throughout the body. The respiratory system is primarily involved in gas exchange, the digestive system breaks down food for absorption, and the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.

3. Approximately how many muscles are in the human body?

• A. 100
• B. 200
• C. 600
• D. Over 600

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The human body has over 600 muscles responsible for various functions like movement, stability, and posture. These muscles work together enabling us to perform daily activities and are crucial for our overall health and well-being. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the human body has far more than 100, 200, or 600 muscles. Option D, 'Over 600,' is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the approximate number of muscles in the human body.

4. What macromolecules are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and act as biological catalysts?

• A. Lipids
• B. Enzymes
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids do not serve as proteins that function as catalysts; they have different biological roles. Lipids are primarily used for energy storage, structural components, and signaling molecules. Carbohydrates are mainly for energy storage and providing structural support. Nucleic acids are involved in genetic information storage and transfer. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Enzymes.

5. Which of the following is NOT a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading?

• A. Systolic pressure (peak pressure during ventricular contraction)
• B. Diastolic pressure (pressure within arteries during ventricular relaxation)
• C. Pulse pressure (difference between systolic and diastolic pressure)
• D. Blood oxygen saturation levels. While blood oxygen levels are crucial for overall health, they are not directly reflected in a blood pressure reading.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Blood oxygen saturation levels are essential for overall health but are not directly part of a blood pressure reading. A healthy blood pressure reading consists of systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and pulse pressure. Systolic pressure represents the peak pressure during ventricular contraction, diastolic pressure reflects the pressure within arteries during ventricular relaxation, and pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. These components collectively provide information about the pressure variations within the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle phases, contributing to the assessment of cardiovascular health. Therefore, choice D, blood oxygen saturation levels, is not a major component of a healthy blood pressure reading and is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are major components of a healthy blood pressure reading and directly relate to the pressure variations within the arteries during different phases of the cardiac cycle.

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