Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

• A. To transport oxygen and nutrients
• B. To regulate blood pressure
• C. To digest food
• D. To filter waste products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the cardiovascular system is indeed to transport oxygen and nutrients to various tissues in the body. Choice B, 'To regulate blood pressure,' is incorrect as blood pressure regulation is one of the functions of the cardiovascular system but not its primary function. Choice C, 'To digest food,' is incorrect as digestion is primarily a function of the digestive system, not the cardiovascular system. Choice D, 'To filter waste products,' is incorrect as waste product filtration is primarily carried out by the kidneys and liver, not the cardiovascular system.

2. Which term refers to a molecule of DNA and structural protein?

• A. Lysosome
• B. Centrosome
• C. Chromosome
• D. Genome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chromosome. A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. It is the condensed form of DNA associated with structural proteins, not just a molecule of DNA or protein. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, not DNA and protein. Centrosomes are involved in cell division, not related to DNA and protein together. A genome refers to an organism's complete set of DNA, not specifically a molecule containing both DNA and structural protein.

3. Which organ in the human body is the largest and is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, and storage of nutrients?

• A. Heart
• B. Liver
• C. Lungs
• D. Skin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body and is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, storage of nutrients, and various other essential functions. It plays a critical role in maintaining overall health by processing nutrients, filtering blood, and detoxifying harmful substances. While the skin is the largest organ by surface area, the liver is the largest internal organ and is crucial for various physiological processes. The heart is responsible for pumping blood, the lungs for respiration, and the skin for protection and temperature regulation, but they do not perform the functions specified in the question.

4. What type of particle carries no charge and mediates the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons?

• A. Electron
• B. Photon
• C. Gluon
• D. Neutrino

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gluon. Gluons are the particles responsible for mediating the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons. They are the carriers of this force. Choice A, Electron, is incorrect as electrons are negatively charged. Choice B, Photon, is incorrect as photons are chargeless particles of light. Choice D, Neutrino, is incorrect as neutrinos are neutral particles with minimal mass and weak interactions with matter, not involved in mediating the strong nuclear force between protons and neutrons.

5. What is the action of the triceps reflex?

• A. Forces contraction of the triceps and extension of the arm.
• B. Forces contraction of the biceps, relaxation of the biceps, and arm extension.
• C. Causes the triceps to contract, causing the forearm to supinate and flex.
• D. Causes the triceps to relax and the upper arm to pronate and extend.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The triceps reflex causes the triceps muscle to contract, leading to the extension of the arm. This reflex is a protective response to sudden stretching of the triceps muscle, as seen when a physician taps the triceps tendon during a physical examination. Choice A is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the action of the triceps reflex. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe actions that are not associated with the triceps reflex. Biceps contraction, forearm supination, flexion, triceps relaxation, and pronation are not part of the triceps reflex arc.

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