Nursing Elites

1. What is the name for the hard, protective protein that makes up hair and nails?

• A. Collagen
• B. Keratin
• C. Elastin
• D. Fibrin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Keratin is the correct answer as it is the hard, protective protein that comprises hair and nails. Collagen is a different type of protein found in connective tissues, providing structure and support. Elastin imparts elasticity to tissues, allowing them to stretch and recoil. Fibrin is a protein involved in the blood clotting process and is not related to the structure of hair and nails. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of the question.

2. What is the relationship between the frequency and period of a wave?

• A. They are unrelated
• B. Frequency = Period
• C. Frequency = 1/Period
• D. Period = 1/Frequency

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct relationship between frequency and period of a wave is that Period = 1/Frequency. This relationship indicates that the period of a wave is the reciprocal of its frequency. Frequency refers to the number of complete cycles of a wave occurring in a unit of time, while the period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the wave to occur. As frequency and period are inversely related, the correct formula to express this relationship is Period = 1/Frequency. Choice A is incorrect as frequency and period are related. Choice B is incorrect as frequency and period are not equal. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests that frequency is directly proportional to period, which is not the case.

3. Which of the following statements regarding macrophages is incorrect?

• A. They are found abundantly in the blood
• B. They are larger than neutrophils
• C. They are long-lived
• D. They are made in the bone marrow as monocytes, called macrophages once they reach organs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Macrophages are not found abundantly in the blood; they are present in tissues and organs. Macrophages are tissue-resident immune cells that play a key role in immune responses and are derived from monocytes produced in the bone marrow. Choice B is correct as macrophages are larger than neutrophils. Choice C is correct as macrophages are long-lived cells. Choice D is correct as macrophages originate in the bone marrow as monocytes and differentiate into macrophages once they migrate to various tissues and organs.

4. Which vitamin plays a vital role in muscle function and helps prevent muscle weakness and fatigue?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin B12
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in muscle function by helping prevent muscle weakness and fatigue. It is essential for maintaining muscle strength and function, as well as supporting overall bone health. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue, emphasizing its significance for muscle health. Vitamin A does not directly impact muscle function in the same way as Vitamin D. Although Vitamin B12 is important for neurological function and red blood cell production, it is not primarily known for its role in muscle function. Vitamin E is more commonly associated with its antioxidant properties and its role in protecting cells from damage, but it is not specifically linked to muscle function and preventing muscle weakness and fatigue.

5. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation and conservation of energy?

• A. Sympathetic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Somatic nervous system
• D. Central nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response, promoting relaxation, conserving energy, and facilitating activities like digestion and lowering heart rate. The sympathetic nervous system, which is not the correct answer, triggers the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for stressful situations by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and releasing adrenaline. The somatic nervous system (choice C) controls voluntary movements, not the autonomic functions related to 'rest and digest.' The central nervous system (choice D) includes the brain and spinal cord and is not specifically involved in the autonomic regulation of bodily functions like the 'rest and digest' response.

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