Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of peroxisomes in the cell?

• A. To break down hydrogen peroxide
• B. To synthesize lipids and other cellular components
• C. To package and transport proteins
• D. To store genetic material

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that contain enzymes involved in various metabolic processes. One of the main functions of peroxisomes is to break down hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of metabolism, into water and oxygen through the action of the enzyme catalase. This process helps protect the cell from oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. While peroxisomes are involved in other metabolic functions such as lipid metabolism and the synthesis of bile acids, their primary role is the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because peroxisomes are not primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids, packaging and transporting proteins, or storing genetic material within the cell.

2. According to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, which functional group has the highest priority?

• A. Alcohol (OH)
• B. Aldehyde (CHO)
• C. Carboxylic Acid (COOH)
• D. Amine (NH2)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) ranking system, functional groups are prioritized based on the atomic number of the atoms directly attached to the functional group. Carboxylic acid (COOH) holds the highest priority as the carbon atom is directly bonded to two oxygen atoms, which have higher atomic numbers compared to carbon, hydrogen, or nitrogen. The higher the atomic number of the attached atoms, the higher the priority of the functional group in the CIP ranking system. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they have lower atomic numbers in the atoms directly attached to them, making them lower in priority according to the CIP system.

3. What property of a wave remains unchanged when it passes from one medium to another with the same speed?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Speed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a wave passes from one medium to another with the same speed, its frequency remains unchanged. Frequency is a characteristic of the source of the wave and does not depend on the medium through which the wave is traveling. Wavelength and speed of the wave can change when passing from one medium to another, but frequency remains constant. This is because the frequency of a wave is determined by the source that produces it, and as long as the speed remains constant, the frequency will not be altered. Amplitude, on the other hand, can change based on factors like energy loss or gain, but it is not a property that remains constant when a wave moves between different mediums with the same speed. Speed, although important for the wave's propagation, is not the property that remains unchanged when the wave transitions between mediums with the same speed. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency.

4. The term 'symbiotic relationship' describes an interaction between two organisms where:

• A. One organism benefits and the other is unaffected
• B. Both organisms are harmed by the interaction
• C. One organism benefits and the other is negatively impacted
• D. Both organisms benefit from the interaction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a symbiotic relationship, both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. This mutually beneficial relationship can take different forms, such as mutualism where both organisms benefit, commensalism where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected, or parasitism where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. In this case, the term 'symbiotic relationship' specifically refers to a scenario where both organisms derive some form of benefit from their interaction. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe a symbiotic relationship. In symbiosis, both organisms benefit, making option D the correct choice.

5. Which type of white blood cell directly attacks and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses?

• A. Neutrophils
• B. Lymphocytes
• C. Monocytes
• D. Eosinophils

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to infections. They are phagocytes, meaning they engulf and destroy pathogens like bacteria and viruses. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are known for their rapid response to infections, making them the primary cell type that directly attacks and destroys pathogens. Lymphocytes, although important in adaptive immunity, are not primarily responsible for directly attacking and destroying pathogens. Monocytes are involved in phagocytosis and immune response regulation but are not the primary cell type for direct pathogen destruction like neutrophils. Eosinophils are mainly involved in combating multicellular parasites and are not the primary cell type for targeting bacteria and viruses.

Similar Questions