Nursing Elites

1. What functional group is present in ethers?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ether
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functional group present in ethers is -O-, representing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. Therefore, choice C, 'Ether,' is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D refer to different functional groups: hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and amine (NH2), respectively, which are not present in ethers. Ethers are characterized by the oxygen atom bonded to two carbon groups, distinguishing them from the other functional groups mentioned in the choices.

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the endocrine system?

• A. Regulating growth and development
• B. Maintaining blood sugar levels
• C. Controlling mood and emotions
• D. Facilitating digestion through muscle contractions

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The endocrine system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, mood, and more. Facilitating digestion through muscle contractions is primarily the role of the muscular and nervous systems, not the endocrine system. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it does not align with the functions typically attributed to the endocrine system. Choices A, B, and C are functions that are indeed associated with the endocrine system, making them incorrect answers in the context of this question.

3. Which organelle is responsible for the final stages of protein modification and packaging for secretion in animal cells?

• A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
• B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
• C. Ribosomes
• D. Golgi apparatus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the final stages of protein modification and packaging for secretion in animal cells. After proteins are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), they are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further processing, sorting, and packaging before being sent to their final destination within or outside the cell. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is mainly involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification processes, not protein modification. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis, not the final stages of protein modification and packaging for secretion, which is the role of the Golgi apparatus.

4. The immune response can be categorized into two main branches:

• A. Humoral and cellular
• B. Innate and adaptive
• C. Primary and secondary
• D. Active and passive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - The immune response can be broadly categorized into two main branches: the humoral immune response and the cellular immune response. - The humoral immune response involves the production of antibodies by B cells and is primarily responsible for defending against extracellular pathogens such as bacteria and viruses in the bloodstream and tissues. - The cellular immune response involves the activation of T cells, which can directly kill infected cells or help coordinate the immune response. This branch is crucial for combating intracellular pathogens like viruses and some bacteria. - Options B, C, and D do not accurately represent the main branches of the immune response and are therefore incorrect.

5. What is the function of the immune system?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To fight infection
• C. To digest food
• D. To produce hormones

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To fight infection.' The immune system's primary function is to protect the body from infections and foreign invaders by recognizing and responding to pathogens. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing diseases caused by harmful microorganisms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the immune system is not responsible for transporting oxygen, digesting food, or producing hormones. These functions are carried out by other systems in the body, such as the respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system, respectively.

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