Nursing Elites

1. What does half-life refer to?

• A. Radioactive intensity to completely disappear
• B. The number of neutrons in a nucleus to double
• C. The number of protons in a nucleus to change
• D. An isotope to decay by half of its initial quantity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Half-life refers to the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. This means that after one half-life, half of the initial quantity of the radioactive substance will have decayed. Choice A is incorrect because radioactive intensity doesn't completely disappear during half-life. Choice B is incorrect as half-life doesn't refer to the number of neutrons doubling. Choice C is incorrect as half-life doesn't relate to the number of protons changing.

2. Which of the following correctly describes mitosis?

• A. Mitosis occurs in germ cells.
• B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
• C. Mitosis involves the reduction of chromosome number by half.
• D. Mitosis produces four genetically different cells.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells. Germ cells undergo meiosis, not mitosis. Choice C is incorrect as mitosis results in the preservation of the same chromosome number in daughter cells. Choice D is inaccurate as mitosis produces genetically identical cells, not genetically different ones.

3. Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium of the heart?

• A. Arteries
• B. Veins
• C. Capillaries
• D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart. Arteries transport oxygenated blood away from the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs between blood and tissues. Venules are small veins that connect capillaries to larger veins, but they do not directly carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

4. A researcher wants to conduct qualitative research. Which method should they use?

• A. Collecting patient narratives
• B. Tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient
• C. Observing a patient's physical changes
• D. Writing journal notes about the research experience

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical, descriptive data to explore experiences, behaviors, or perspectives. Collecting patient narratives aligns with qualitative research as it involves capturing detailed accounts of individuals' experiences or viewpoints. Choices B, C, and D involve more quantitative approaches by focusing on measurable quantities, observations, or structured note-taking, which are not characteristic of qualitative research methods.

5. What is the process of converting simple sugars into complex carbohydrates called?

• A. Glycolysis
• B. Gluconeogenesis
• C. Krebs cycle
• D. Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gluconeogenesis is the correct answer. It is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol. A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate to produce energy. C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced using energy derived from the electron transport chain. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are not the processes involved in converting simple sugars into complex carbohydrates.

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