Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the pharynx?

• A. Allow food and air to pass into the body
• B. Warm and moisten air during inhalation
• C. Create a chest cavity at the base of the lungs
• D. Provide structural support to the alveolar region

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Allow food and air to pass into the body.' The pharynx serves as a common pathway for both food and air. It connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, enabling the passage of both food and air into their respective pathways. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the function of the pharynx. Option B is incorrect because the warming and moistening of air primarily occur in the nasal cavity and not in the pharynx. Option C is incorrect as the creation of a chest cavity is mainly related to the thoracic cavity, not the pharynx. Option D is also incorrect as the structural support to the alveolar region is provided by other structures like the alveoli and surrounding tissues, not the pharynx.

2. Which of the following layers of the skin does not contain blood vessels?

• A. Hypodermis
• B. Dermis
• C. Epidermis
• D. Hyperdermis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels. It receives nutrients through diffusion from the underlying dermis. The hypodermis is the subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis and contains blood vessels. The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, which contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. 'Hyperdermis' is not a correct anatomical term and is not a layer of the skin, making it an incorrect choice for this question.

3. Which of the following is a property of amphiprotic substances?

• A. React with acids only
• B. React with bases only
• C. Can act as both acids and bases
• D. Are inert in chemical reactions

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Can act as both acids and bases. Amphiprotic substances have the ability to donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base) depending on the reaction conditions. This dual nature allows them to participate in a wide range of chemical reactions, making them versatile and important in various chemical processes. Choices A and B are incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not limited to reacting with only acids or bases; they can interact with both. Choice D is incorrect because amphiprotic substances are not inert; they actively participate in chemical reactions by donating or accepting protons.

4. Which element shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He)?

• A. Neon (Ne)
• B. Boron (B)
• C. Carbon (C)
• D. Oxygen (O)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Neon (Ne) shares the same group (family) on the periodic table with helium (He). Both helium and neon belong to Group 18 (Noble Gases) due to their complete and stable outer electron shells, making them chemically inert. Boron (B), Carbon (C), and Oxygen (O) are not in the same group as helium. Boron is in Group 13, Carbon is in Group 14, and Oxygen is in Group 16 on the periodic table.

5. How can a concave mirror be used?

• A. Focus light to a single point
• B. Create only virtual images
• C. Always magnify objects
• D. Scatter light

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A concave mirror can be used to focus light to a single point. This property is known as converging light rays to a focal point. When light rays parallel to the principal axis strike a concave mirror, they converge at a specific point called the focal point. This ability to focus light makes concave mirrors useful in applications such as reflecting telescopes and shaving mirrors. Choice B is incorrect because concave mirrors can create both real and virtual images, depending on the object's position relative to the mirror. Choice C is incorrect as concave mirrors can magnify, reduce, or maintain the size of objects, depending on the object's position and the distance from the mirror. Choice D is incorrect as concave mirrors do not scatter light but instead have the ability to reflect and focus light to produce clear images.

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