Nursing Elites

1. Which type of immunity does the MMR vaccine provide?

• A. Artificial/active
• B. Artificial/passive
• C. Natural/active
• D. Natural/passive

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Artificial/active. The MMR vaccine provides artificial/active immunity. It works by introducing a weakened or killed form of the virus to trigger the body's immune response, leading to the production of antibodies that offer long-lasting protection against measles, mumps, and rubella. Artificial immunity is obtained through medical intervention, such as vaccination, while active immunity involves the immune system's direct response to an antigen. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the MMR vaccine does not provide passive immunity nor is it acquired naturally; instead, it stimulates the body to actively produce its immune response.

2. What is the relationship between the speed of a wave, its frequency, and wavelength in a given medium?

• A. Speed = Frequency × Wavelength
• B. Speed = Frequency ÷ Wavelength
• C. Speed = Frequency + Wavelength
• D. Speed = Frequency - Wavelength

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The speed of a wave in a given medium is determined by the product of its frequency and wavelength. This relationship is described by the formula: Speed = Frequency × Wavelength. When a wave travels through a medium, the speed at which it propagates is directly proportional to both its frequency and wavelength. Therefore, to calculate the speed of the wave, you multiply the frequency of the wave by its wavelength. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because speed is not determined by division, addition, or subtraction of frequency and wavelength; instead, it is determined by their multiplication in the given medium.

3. How can the peripheral nervous system be further divided?

• A. Sensory and motor
• B. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
• C. Myelinated and unmyelinated
• D. Central and peripheral

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The peripheral nervous system can be further divided into sensory (afferent) neurons that carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system and motor (efferent) neurons that carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands. Choice A, 'Sensory and motor,' is the correct answer as it accurately identifies the two main functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system. Choices B, 'Sympathetic and parasympathetic,' are divisions of the autonomic nervous system, not the peripheral nervous system. Choice C, 'Myelinated and unmyelinated,' refers to the structural classification of nerve fibers rather than functional divisions. Choice D, 'Central and peripheral,' contrasts the central nervous system with the peripheral nervous system, not further dividing the peripheral nervous system itself.

4. What is the role of the pancreas in the digestive system?

• A. To store bile
• B. To secrete digestive enzymes
• C. To digest proteins
• D. To absorb nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To secrete digestive enzymes.' The pancreas plays a crucial role in the digestive system by secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, facilitating the absorption of nutrients from the digested food. Choice A is incorrect because the pancreas is not responsible for storing bile; the gallbladder stores bile. Choice C is incorrect because the pancreas secretes enzymes for protein digestion but does not digest proteins itself. Choice D is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, not in the pancreas.

5. Which type of cell is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

• A. Nerve cell
• B. Muscle cell
• C. Skin cell
• D. Red blood cell

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Red blood cell. Red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, are specifically designed to carry oxygen throughout the body. They contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues and organs in the body. Nerve cells, muscle cells, and skin cells do not have the specialized function of carrying oxygen like red blood cells do. Nerve cells transmit electrical signals, muscle cells are involved in movement, and skin cells provide a protective barrier and regulate body temperature. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of carrying oxygen throughout the body.

Similar Questions