Nursing Elites

1. What happens when a protein unfolds?

• A. Activation
• B. Denaturation
• C. Renaturation
• D. Folding

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Activation (Option A) refers to the process of initiating or increasing the activity of a molecule, such as an enzyme. Protein unfolding does not involve activation. - Denaturation (Option B) is the correct answer. Denaturation refers to the process by which a protein loses its three-dimensional structure, leading to the disruption of its function. This can be caused by factors such as heat, pH changes, or chemicals. - Renaturation (Option C) is the process by which a denatured protein regains its native structure and function. Protein unfolding is the opposite of renaturation. - Folding (Option D) is the process by which a protein assumes its functional three-dimensional structure. Unfolding is the reverse process of folding, not folding itself.

2. Which organ in the human body is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine?

• A. Liver
• B. Kidneys
• C. Pancreas
• D. Heart

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Kidneys. The kidneys are vital organs in the human body responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products and excess substances, producing urine as a result. The liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism. The pancreas is involved in digestion and blood sugar regulation. The heart pumps blood throughout the body but does not filter blood or produce urine.

3. Which of the following is an example of aseptic technique?

• A. Washing hands with soap and water before surgery
• B. Coughing into your elbow
• C. Sharing a stethoscope without cleaning
• D. Leaving a wound dressing exposed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Aseptic technique refers to practices that help prevent the introduction of harmful microorganisms into a sterile environment. Washing hands with soap and water before surgery is an essential component of aseptic technique as it helps reduce the number of microorganisms on the hands, decreasing the risk of introducing pathogens into the surgical site. Coughing into your elbow is a good hygiene practice to prevent the spread of respiratory infections but is not specifically related to aseptic technique. Sharing a stethoscope without cleaning can introduce microorganisms from one patient to another, compromising aseptic conditions. Leaving a wound dressing exposed can lead to contamination and infection, which is contrary to aseptic technique.

4. Which term describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity?

• A. Reactivity
• B. Density
• C. Conductivity
• D. Viscosity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Conductivity is the correct term used to describe the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. Reactivity is the measure of a substance's tendency to undergo chemical reactions. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, while viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. In the context of conducting electricity, conductivity is the most appropriate term as it directly relates to the substance's electrical conductive properties.

5. What protein complex controls the progression of mitosis through its activation and degradation?

• A. Ribosome
• B. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)
• C. Centriole
• D. Microtubule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Ribosome: Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis and are not directly involved in controlling the progression of mitosis. B) Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK): CDKs are a family of protein kinases that regulate the cell cycle, including the progression of mitosis. CDK activity is controlled by cyclins, which bind to CDKs to activate them at specific points in the cell cycle. The activation and degradation of cyclins regulate the activity of CDKs, which in turn control the progression of mitosis. C) Centriole: Centrioles are involved in organizing the microtubules of the mitotic spindle but do not directly control the progression of mitosis. D) Microtubule: Microtubules are structural components of the cytoskeleton and are involved in various cellular processes, including mitosis, but they do not control

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