ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS 7 science review
1. During antibiotic use, bacteria can evolve resistance. This is an example of:
- A. Coevolution (two species influencing each other's evolution)
- B. Convergent evolution (unrelated organisms evolving similar traits)
- C. Macroevolution (large-scale evolutionary change)
- D. Artificial selection acting on a natural process
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The process of bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics due to the selective pressure exerted by the antibiotics is an example of artificial selection (human intervention selecting for certain traits) acting on a natural process (bacterial evolution). Antibiotic use creates a selective pressure that favors the survival and reproduction of bacteria with resistance traits, leading to the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains. - Coevolution (option A) refers to the influence of two species on each other's evolution, which is not the case in the scenario described in the question. - Convergent evolution (option B) involves unrelated organisms evolving similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, which is not directly applicable to the situation of bacteria evolving resistance to antibiotics. - Macroevolution (option C) refers to large-scale evolutionary changes over long periods, which is not specifically demonstrated in the context of bacteria evolving resistance during antibiotic use.
2. How does ingested food move through the digestive tract?
- A. Chewing, digestion, absorption
- B. Swallowing, peristalsis, segmentation
- C. Swallowing, mastication, defecation
- D. Digestion, absorption, excretion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Swallowing, peristalsis, segmentation. Food moves through the digestive tract by first being swallowed, then undergoing peristalsis (wave-like movements that propel food along the digestive tract), and finally undergoing segmentation (mixing movements in the intestines). Chewing and digestion occur in the mouth and stomach, respectively, while absorption and excretion happen later in the digestive process. Choice A is incorrect as absorption is a later stage in the process. Choice C is incorrect because defecation is the elimination of waste, not the movement of food. Choice D is incorrect as excretion is the elimination of waste products, not the movement of ingested food through the digestive tract.
3. What macromolecules are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and act as biological catalysts?
- A. Lipids
- B. Enzymes
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids do not serve as proteins that function as catalysts; they have different biological roles. Lipids are primarily used for energy storage, structural components, and signaling molecules. Carbohydrates are mainly for energy storage and providing structural support. Nucleic acids are involved in genetic information storage and transfer. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Enzymes.
4. What is the main role of the large intestine in digestion?
- A. Absorbing proteins
- B. Absorbing carbohydrates
- C. Absorbing fats
- D. Absorbing water
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The main role of the large intestine in digestion is to absorb water. When food reaches the large intestine, most nutrients have already been absorbed by the small intestine. In the large intestine, water is absorbed from the remaining undigested food, helping to form solid waste (feces). Absorbing proteins, carbohydrates, or fats primarily occurs in the small intestine, not in the large intestine. Therefore, options A, B, and C are incorrect.
5. Which of the following is an example of Mendelian inheritance?
- A. Incomplete Dominance
- B. Polygenic Alleles
- C. Combination Inheritance
- D. Recessive Inheritance
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Recessive Inheritance.' Mendelian inheritance involves traits controlled by single genes with dominant and recessive alleles. Incomplete dominance (choice A) is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern where the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. Polygenic alleles (choice B) involve multiple genes contributing to a single trait, not following Mendelian principles. Combination inheritance (choice C) is not a recognized term in genetics and does not describe Mendelian inheritance patterns.
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