Nursing Elites

1. What are the three steps of the 'wave of excitation'?

• A. The discharge from the SA node, the peak ECG, and the excitement of the ventricle.
• B. The excitement of the ventricle, the relaxing of the ventricle, and the systemic neural response.
• C. The contraction of the atrium, the relaxation of the atrium, and the contraction of the ventricle.
• D. The excitation of the atrium, the excitement of the ventricle, and the relaxing of the ventricle.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct steps of the 'wave of excitation' are the excitation of the atrium, excitement of the ventricle, and relaxation of the ventricle. In the described process, the 'wave of excitation' starts with the discharge from the SA node, leading to the excitation of the atrium. Next, the peak ECG corresponds to the excitement of the ventricle, not its relaxation. Finally, the wave concludes with the relaxation of the ventricle, not its contraction. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the sequential steps of the 'wave of excitation' as presented in the extract.

2. What was the author’s primary purpose for writing this essay?

• A. To persuade the reader to conserve water
• B. To persuade the reader that runoff is not the best way to collect water
• C. To analyze different types of runoff
• D. To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The author's primary purpose for writing the essay is to inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle. The essay discusses the various stages of the water cycle, including precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and condensation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the essay focuses on explaining the water cycle stages rather than persuading the reader to conserve water, discussing the effectiveness of runoff, or analyzing different types of runoff.

3. Which is not listed as an example of a low-impact sport?

• A. Martial arts
• B. Basketball
• C. Yoga
• D. Weight lifting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Basketball is not listed as a low-impact sport in the extract provided; the others (martial arts, yoga, and weight lifting) are considered low-impact activities. The extract mentions that students can participate in low-impact sports like yoga, martial arts, and weight lifting in modern PE classes, emphasizing their benefits and the focus on general skills. Basketball, on the other hand, is not included in the list of low-impact sports mentioned in the extract, making it the correct answer. This demonstrates the importance of understanding the difference between high-impact and low-impact sports for maintaining fitness and health.

4. What is the author’s attitude toward the use of cosmetics?

• A. Sympathetic
• B. Mocking
• C. Tolerant
• D. Disapproving

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The author’s tone is disapproving, as evidenced by the focus on the negative consequences of using cosmetics with harmful ingredients. The passage discusses historical and contemporary health issues related to beauty practices, indicating a critical stance on the use of cosmetics that compromise health, which supports option D.

5. What is the meaning of the word moderation as used in the second paragraph?

• A. Adequate amounts
• B. Intervals of time
• C. Excess
• D. Variation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this context, moderation means consuming adequate amounts of unsaturated fats. The passage highlights that unsaturated fats like olive oil and omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial when consumed in appropriate quantities. Choice B, intervals of time, is incorrect as it does not relate to the consumption of fats. Choice C, excess, is incorrect because moderation implies avoiding excess consumption. Choice D, variation, is unrelated to the context of consuming fats in appropriate amounts.

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