Nursing Elites

1. What are Mendel's laws?

• A. Law of inheritance, law of expression
• B. Law of segregation, law of independent assortment
• C. Law of dominance, law of recessiveness
• D. Law of mutation, law of crossing over

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mendel's laws consist of the law of segregation, which states that each parent passes one allele for each trait, and the law of independent assortment, which explains that genes for different traits are inherited independently. Choice A is incorrect because 'law of expression' is not one of Mendel's laws. Choice C is incorrect because 'law of dominance' and 'law of recessiveness' do not represent the two main laws proposed by Mendel. Choice D is incorrect because 'law of mutation' and 'law of crossing over' are not part of Mendel's original laws.

2. Where does fertilization, the fusion of sperm and egg, typically occur in the human body?

• A. Ovary
• B. Uterus
• C. Fallopian tube
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tube. This is where the sperm and egg meet and fuse to form a zygote. The fallopian tube provides the optimal environment for fertilization as it helps in the transportation of the egg and provides a suitable site for fertilization before the resulting embryo travels to the uterus for implantation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The ovary is where eggs are produced, the uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus, and the vagina is the canal that leads to the cervix, but fertilization itself does not occur in these locations.

3. Which term refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow?

• A. Density
• B. Viscosity
• C. Surface tension
• D. Boiling point

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Viscosity is the term that refers to the resistance of a liquid to flow. It is a measure of how thick or sticky a fluid is and determines how easily a liquid can flow. Density (A) is a measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume and is not related to the resistance of a liquid to flow. Surface tension (C) is the property of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force due to the cohesive nature of its molecules, but it is not directly related to the resistance of a liquid to flow. Boiling point (D) is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor and is not a measure of the resistance of a liquid to flow.

4. Which of the following is an example of a fibrous protein?

• A. Insulin
• B. Keratin
• C. Hemoglobin
• D. Collagen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Insulin is a hormone, not a fibrous protein. It is produced in the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels. B) Keratin is a fibrous structural protein found in hair, nails, and the outer skin layer, providing strength and protection. C) Hemoglobin is a globular protein in red blood cells responsible for oxygen transport; it is not fibrous. D) Collagen is a fibrous protein found in tendons, ligaments, and skin, offering strength and structure to connective tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is collagen, making it the main component of various connective tissues.

5. How do organisms maintain homeostasis?

• A. By increasing their body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance.
• B. By undergoing biochemical processes and absorbing energy to increase entropy.
• C. By undergoing biochemical processes to maintain the order of their external environment.
• D. By using free energy and matter via biochemical processes to work against entropy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Organisms maintain homeostasis by utilizing free energy and matter through biochemical processes to counteract entropy, which helps in preserving internal stability. This process involves maintaining a balance within the organism's internal environment despite external changes, ensuring proper functioning and survival. Choice A is incorrect because increasing body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance alone do not define the comprehensive process of maintaining homeostasis. Choice B is incorrect as absorbing energy to increase entropy goes against the concept of maintaining internal stability. Choice C is incorrect as maintaining the order of the external environment does not directly contribute to the organism's internal stability and balance.

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