Nursing Elites

1. A routine urinalysis is a common diagnostic test. What does a urinalysis typically evaluate?

• A. Blood sugar levels
• B. Presence of white blood cells (indicating possible infection)
• C. Kidney function
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A routine urinalysis evaluates multiple components of urine, including blood sugar levels, the presence of white blood cells indicating a possible infection, and kidney function. Blood sugar levels are assessed to monitor for conditions like diabetes. The presence of white blood cells is checked to detect possible urinary tract infections. Kidney function is evaluated by assessing markers like creatinine and protein levels. Therefore, all of the above options are typically evaluated in a urinalysis, making choice D the correct answer.

2. What is the primary function of hair on the human body?

• A. Insulation
• B. Sensory perception
• C. Protection
• D. Vitamin D synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of hair on the human body is protection. Hair acts as a barrier to protect the skin from external factors such as sunlight, dust, and other environmental elements. While hair can also provide some insulation by trapping heat near the body and contribute to sensory perception by detecting touch or movements, its main role is to safeguard the skin from potential harm, making protection the most essential function. Vitamin D synthesis is primarily related to the skin's exposure to sunlight and is not a direct function of hair.

3. What is the measure of the total amount of space occupied by an object?

• A. Mass
• B. Density
• C. Weight
• D. Volume

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Volume is the measure of the total amount of space occupied by an object. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, density is the mass per unit volume, and weight is the force of gravity acting on an object. When determining the space occupied by an object, volume is the appropriate measurement to consider. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not directly indicate the total amount of space occupied by an object. Mass, density, and weight are relevant in different contexts and measurements compared to volume.

4. What is the sensory threshold?

• A. The smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel a sensation
• B. The amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel pain
• C. The amount of stimulus required to cause an individual to move away from the stimulus
• D. The place from which the stimulus is coming

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The sensory threshold refers to the smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to perceive or feel a sensation. It is the minimum level of stimulus intensity that is detectable by an individual. Choice B is incorrect because the sensory threshold is not specifically related to feeling pain but rather to perceiving any sensation. Choice C is incorrect as the sensory threshold is about perception and not necessarily physical reaction. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the source of the stimulus, not the threshold for perception.

5. Which statement about white blood cells is true?

• A. B cells are responsible for antibody production.
• B. White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream.
• C. Platelets, a specialized class of blood cells, function to clot blood and stop bleeding.
• D. The majority of white blood cells are active throughout life, providing immunity across all age groups.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: B cells, a type of white blood cell, are responsible for producing antibodies in response to pathogens. Antibodies play a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing foreign substances like bacteria and viruses in the body, aiding in the immune response and protecting against infections. This function is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system. White blood cells, including B cells, are produced in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream. Platelets, not white blood cells, are a specialized class of blood cells that function to clot blood and stop bleeding. While white blood cells provide immunity, not all of them are active throughout life as some have specific lifespans and functions.

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