Nursing Elites

1. Using the same reasoning as that in the passage, an automobile with eighteen wheels does what to the following hypothesis: 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?

• A. It proves the hypothesis.
• B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
• C. It disproves the hypothesis.
• D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that 'All automobiles have only four wheels.' This contradiction reduces the probability that the hypothesis is true. The hypothesis is not proven by the presence of an eighteen-wheel automobile, nor does it raise the probability of the hypothesis being true. Instead, it directly challenges the hypothesis, leading to a decrease in its probability of being correct.

2. Anna is planning a trip to Bretagne, or Brittany, in the northwestern part of France. Since she knows very little about it, she is hoping to find information about hiking trails, beaches, restaurants, and accommodations. Which of the following guides will be the best for her to review?

• A. The Top Ten Places to Visit in Brittany, published by a non-profit organization in Bretagne aiming to attract tourism to the region
• B. Getting to Know Nantes: Eating, Staying, and Sightseeing in Brittany's Largest City, published by the French Ministry of Tourism
• C. Hiking Through Bretagne: The Best Trails for Discovering Northwestern France, published by a company specializing in travel for those wanting to experience the outdoors
• D. The Complete Guide to Brittany, published by a travel book company that provides guides for travel throughout Europe

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The best guide for Anna to review would be 'Hiking Through Bretagne: The Best Trails for Discovering Northwestern France,' published by a company specializing in travel for those wanting to experience the outdoors. Since Anna is interested in hiking and outdoor activities, a guide that focuses on outdoor trails in Northwestern France would be the most suitable choice. Choice A, 'The Top Ten Places to Visit in Brittany,' may not provide detailed information about hiking trails. Choice B, 'Getting to Know Nantes,' focuses on a specific city and may not cover the broader region of Bretagne. Choice D, 'The Complete Guide to Brittany,' although comprehensive, may not emphasize hiking trails and outdoor experiences as much as choice C.

3. Which word in the passage shows that the plunger is depressed and air is pushed out at the same time?

• A. Out
• B. Continued
• C. As
• D. Causes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: As.' In the provided extract, the word 'As' is used to indicate the simultaneous action of depressing the plunger and pushing out the air. It establishes a connection between the two actions, showing that they occur together. Choice A, 'Out,' refers to the result of pushing the air out, not the action happening simultaneously. Choice B, 'Continued,' suggests a subsequent action rather than a simultaneous one. Choice D, 'Causes,' indicates a cause-and-effect relationship, not the action happening simultaneously like the word 'As' does.

4. Based on the information given, what is spelunking?

• A. exploring inside a cave
• B. an outdoor adventure
• C. walking with a double stroller
• D. a hot, summer day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The passage describes spelunking as 'hit the road towards it as soon as you can' and 'discover the wonders of the cool, dark earth even while it is weltering hot in the outside world.' This indicates that spelunking involves exploring inside a cave, making option A, 'exploring inside a cave,' the correct answer. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the description of spelunking provided in the passage.

5. Which literary device is primarily used in the passage when discussing the transition from water to air?

• A. Metaphor
• B. Simile
• C. Alliteration
• D. Hyperbole

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metaphor. The transition from water to air is described metaphorically in the passage, highlighting the significant change in the insects' environment. The passage discusses how certain insects start their life underwater and then transition to the air, symbolizing a transformation. This metaphorical description enhances the reader's understanding of the insects' life cycle. Choice B, Simile, is incorrect because a simile involves comparing two unlike things using 'like' or 'as,' which is not evident in the passage. Choices C and D, Alliteration and Hyperbole, are incorrect as they are not used in the passage to describe the transition from water to air. Therefore, the best literary device used in this context is a metaphor.

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