Nursing Elites

1. The tone of a text is ____________ if the words say the opposite of what they really mean.

• A. ironic
• B. earnest
• C. confused
• D. unambiguous

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: ironic.' In literature, irony is when there is a contrast between what is said and what is meant. It is a technique used to convey humor, sarcasm, or to emphasize a point indirectly. 'Earnest' (choice B) refers to being sincere or genuine, which is the opposite of what the question is describing. 'Confused' (choice C) does not accurately capture the concept of words saying the opposite of what they mean. 'Unambiguous' (choice D) means clear and not open to interpretation, which is the opposite of a situation where words have a hidden or opposite meaning.

2. Which of the following is an example of a simple sentence?

• A. Although termites are insects.
• B. Termites are very industrious insects.
• C. Termites are insects, and they are very industrious.
• D. Because termites are insects, they are very industrious.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Termites are very industrious insects." This is a simple sentence as it contains a subject (termites) and a verb (are) and expresses a complete thought. Choice A is not a simple sentence as it is a dependent clause starting with 'Although' and does not express a complete thought. Choice C is a compound sentence since it consists of two independent clauses joined by the conjunction 'and.' Choice D is a complex sentence with a dependent clause starting with 'Because' and an independent clause.

3. What is the meaning of the prefix 'pre-'?

• A. After
• B. Before
• C. During
• D. Against

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Before.' The prefix 'pre-' means 'before,' indicating something that comes before the main action or event. For example, in words like 'preview' or 'predict,' the prefix 'pre-' implies anticipation or happening before the complete action. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. 'After' (Choice A) is the opposite of 'before,' 'During' (Choice C) implies something happening at the same time, not before, and 'Against' (Choice D) indicates opposition, which is unrelated to the prefix 'pre-.' Therefore, the answer is 'Before.'

4. Which sentence uses the past perfect tense correctly?

• A. By the time I arrived, the party had already begun.
• B. I wish I had studied harder for the exam.
• C. We will have finished the project by Monday.
• D. She had been waiting for hours before he finally showed up.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Option A correctly uses the past perfect tense to show an action that was completed before another past action. In this sentence, 'the party had already begun' indicates that the party started before 'I arrived.' This structure is typical of the past perfect tense. Choice B uses the past perfect tense but does not demonstrate the sequence of actions in the past. Choice C uses the future perfect tense, indicating completion of an action by a future time. Choice D uses the past perfect continuous tense, not the simple past perfect tense required by the question.

5. Which of the following is essential in the concluding statement of an argument?

• A. The introduction of new points that might lead to future arguments
• B. A summary of the argument that clearly reinforces its main points
• C. A brief explanation of other perspectives on the topic
• D. A short metaphor to help the main idea be more memorable to the audience

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'A summary of the argument that clearly reinforces its main points.' In a concluding statement of an argument, it is crucial to provide a concise summary that reinforces the main points presented throughout the argument. Option A is incorrect because introducing new points in the conclusion can confuse the audience and detract from the coherence of the argument. Option C is incorrect as the conclusion should focus on summarizing the main argument rather than delving into other perspectives. Option D is incorrect because while metaphors can be useful in enhancing understanding, they are not essential in the concluding statement of an argument, which should primarily focus on summarizing the key points.

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