Nursing Elites

1. What are the three main types of muscle tissue in the human body?

• A. Smooth, cardiac, and voluntary skeletal
• B. Smooth, skeletal, and involuntary cardiac
• C. Voluntary smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
• D. Striated, non-striated, and epithelial

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The three main types of muscle tissue in the human body are smooth muscle (involuntary), cardiac muscle (involuntary), and voluntary skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, cardiac muscle is found in the heart, and skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is under voluntary control. Option A correctly identifies these three main types of muscle tissue in the human body. Choice B is incorrect because it lists skeletal muscle as involuntary, which is not accurate. Choice C is incorrect because it lists voluntary smooth muscle, which does not exist as smooth muscle is involuntary. Choice D is incorrect because it uses terms like striated, non-striated, and epithelial, which are not the main types of muscle tissue but rather descriptions related to muscle characteristics and location.

2. What property of a wave remains unchanged when it passes from one medium to another with the same speed?

• A. Frequency
• B. Wavelength
• C. Amplitude
• D. Speed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a wave passes from one medium to another with the same speed, its frequency remains unchanged. Frequency is a characteristic of the source of the wave and does not depend on the medium through which the wave is traveling. Wavelength and speed of the wave can change when passing from one medium to another, but frequency remains constant. This is because the frequency of a wave is determined by the source that produces it, and as long as the speed remains constant, the frequency will not be altered. Amplitude, on the other hand, can change based on factors like energy loss or gain, but it is not a property that remains constant when a wave moves between different mediums with the same speed. Speed, although important for the wave's propagation, is not the property that remains unchanged when the wave transitions between mediums with the same speed. Therefore, the correct answer is frequency.

3. Which cellular organelle is used for digestion to recycle materials?

• A. The Golgi apparatus
• B. The lysosome
• C. The centrioles
• D. The mitochondria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lysosome is the correct cellular organelle used for digestion to recycle materials. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials, cellular debris, and ingested substances. This process helps in recycling nutrients and maintaining cellular homeostasis. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the centrioles play a role in cell division, and the mitochondria are responsible for energy production. However, none of these organelles are primarily used for digestion and recycling of materials within the cell.

4. What is the process by which decomposers break down organic matter?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Bioremediation
• C. Decomposition
• D. Nitrification

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water. This process is not related to the breakdown of organic matter by decomposers. B) Bioremediation is the use of living organisms to clean up contaminated environments. While it involves the use of microorganisms to break down pollutants, it is not specifically focused on breaking down organic matter. C) Decomposition is the process by which decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, and other organisms break down organic matter into simpler substances. This process is essential for nutrient recycling in ecosystems. D) Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia or ammonium to nitrite followed by the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria. This process is part of the nitrogen cycle and is not directly related to the breakdown of organic matter.

5. When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the resulting product is:

• A. Hydrogen gas and sodium chloride (NaCl)
• B. Chlorine gas and sodium oxide (Na2O)
• C. Sodium metal (Na) and water (H2O)
• D. No reaction occurs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), a neutralization reaction occurs. The products of this reaction are water (H2O) and a salt, which is sodium chloride (NaCl). The chemical equation for this reaction is: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O. Choice B is incorrect because chlorine gas and sodium oxide are not the products of this reaction. Choice C is incorrect as sodium metal and water are not the products formed in this neutralization reaction. Choice D is incorrect because a reaction does occur between NaOH and HCl, resulting in the formation of NaCl and H2O. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Hydrogen gas and sodium chloride (NaCl).

Similar Questions