Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the rib cage in the human body?

• A. To protect the digestive organs
• B. To protect the lungs and heart
• C. To support movement
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The rib cage plays a crucial role in protecting vital organs, specifically the lungs and heart, from external injuries. Choice A is incorrect because the rib cage does not primarily protect the digestive organs. Choice C is incorrect as the primary function of the rib cage is not to support movement, but to protect internal organs. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is not a function typically associated with the rib cage.

2. What are Mendel's laws?

• A. Law of inheritance, law of expression
• B. Law of segregation, law of independent assortment
• C. Law of dominance, law of recessiveness
• D. Law of mutation, law of crossing over

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mendel's laws consist of the law of segregation, which states that each parent passes one allele for each trait, and the law of independent assortment, which explains that genes for different traits are inherited independently. Choice A is incorrect because 'law of expression' is not one of Mendel's laws. Choice C is incorrect because 'law of dominance' and 'law of recessiveness' do not represent the two main laws proposed by Mendel. Choice D is incorrect because 'law of mutation' and 'law of crossing over' are not part of Mendel's original laws.

3. Which of the following is a common property of both acids and bases?

• A. React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
• B. Taste sour
• C. Turn blue litmus paper red
• D. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Both acids and bases can conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Acids ionize in water to produce H+ ions, which can carry an electric current, while bases ionize to produce OH- ions, which also conduct electricity. The other options are not common properties of both acids and bases. Reacting with metals to produce hydrogen gas is characteristic of acids, tasting sour is a property of acids, and turning blue litmus paper red is a property of bases, not a common property shared by both.

4. Why is the stratified squamous epithelium found in the skin adapted for?

• A. Absorption
• B. Secretion
• C. Protection
• D. Gas exchange

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The stratified squamous epithelium found in the skin is adapted for protection. This type of epithelium forms a tough, protective barrier against physical, chemical, and biological damage. Its multiple layers of cells help prevent the entry of pathogens and reduce water loss from the body, making it essential for shielding the underlying tissues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because stratified squamous epithelium is not specialized for absorption, secretion, or gas exchange. Instead, its primary function is to protect the underlying tissues and organs from external damage and dehydration.

5. What functional group is present in ethers?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ether
• D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functional group present in ethers is -O-, representing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. Therefore, choice C, 'Ether,' is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D refer to different functional groups: hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and amine (NH2), respectively, which are not present in ethers. Ethers are characterized by the oxygen atom bonded to two carbon groups, distinguishing them from the other functional groups mentioned in the choices.

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