how many amino acids can make up a protein

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science practice questions

1. How many amino acids can make up a protein?

A. 10-20
B. 50-100
C. 100-500
D. 1000+

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, and there are 20 standard amino acids commonly found in proteins. The sequence and arrangement of these amino acids determine the structure and function of a protein. While proteins can vary in size and complexity, the number of amino acids typically ranges from around 10 to 20 in smaller proteins to hundreds or even thousands in larger proteins. Therefore, the range of 10-20 amino acids is the most accurate representation of the number of amino acids that can make up a protein. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they provide ranges that are beyond the typical number of amino acids found in proteins and may lead to confusion. The correct answer is A (10-20).

2. Which type of waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate?

A. Transverse waves
B. Longitudinal waves
C. Electromagnetic waves
D. Surface waves

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Longitudinal waves require a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) to propagate because the particles in the medium move parallel to the direction of the wave. As a result, they rely on the medium for transmission. Transverse waves, on the contrary, do not need a medium and can travel through a vacuum, making choice A incorrect. Electromagnetic waves, represented by choice C, do not require a medium as they consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that can propagate through a vacuum. Surface waves, the option in D, involve a combination of both longitudinal and transverse motion and do require a medium to travel, but longitudinal waves are the ones that strictly depend on a medium for propagation.

3. What is the primary function of the liver?

A. To produce bile, which aids in the digestion of fats
B. To store energy in the form of glycogen
C. To produce proteins that assist in blood clotting
D. To detoxify harmful substances in the body

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the body. While the liver does produce bile to aid in the digestion of fats, this is not its primary function. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine for fat digestion. Storing energy in the form of glycogen is a function of the liver, but not its primary one. Glycogen serves as a reserve of glucose. Although the liver produces proteins that assist in blood clotting, such as fibrinogen and prothrombin, this is not its main function. These proteins play a crucial role in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding. Therefore, the primary role of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances by processing and removing toxins, drugs, alcohol, and other harmful substances from the bloodstream, thereby reducing their harmful effects.

4. How does urine flow through the urethra?

A. Continuously
B. Only when the bladder is completely full
C. Under voluntary control of sphincter muscles
D. A combination of B and C

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Urine flows through the urethra under voluntary control of sphincter muscles. These muscles can be consciously contracted or relaxed to control the flow of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. Choice A is incorrect as urine flow is not continuous but rather regulated. Choice B is incorrect because urine flow is not restricted to only when the bladder is completely full. Choice D is incorrect as it inaccurately combines the two incorrect statements of choices B and C.

5. What is meant by the term 'goiter'?

A. Overproduction of cortisol from the adrenal glands
B. Excessive growth of the thyroid gland
C. Underproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D. Deficiency of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A goiter is a condition characterized by the abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland. This enlargement can be caused by various factors such as iodine deficiency, thyroid nodules, inflammation, or other thyroid disorders. It is not associated with the overproduction of cortisol (Choice A), underproduction of parathyroid hormone (Choice C), or deficiency of growth hormone (Choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is B, excessive growth of the thyroid gland.