Nursing Elites

1. From which type of tissue is the myelin sheath derived, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Muscle tissue
• C. Nervous tissue (glial cells)
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The myelin sheath, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers, is derived from nervous tissue, specifically glial cells. Glial cells, including oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, are responsible for producing the myelin sheath that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, aiding in the conduction of nerve impulses. Epithelial tissue (Choice A), Muscle tissue (Choice B), and Connective tissue (Choice D) are not responsible for producing the myelin sheath; instead, nervous tissue (glial cells) plays this crucial role.

2. Where is the thymus gland, crucial for immune system development, located?

• A. Chest
• B. Abdomen
• C. Pelvis
• D. Head and neck

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The thymus gland is located in the chest, specifically in the upper part of the chest behind the breastbone (sternum). It plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T cells), which are important for the immune system's function. Choice B (Abdomen), C (Pelvis), and D (Head and neck) are incorrect locations for the thymus gland. The thymus is not found in the abdomen, pelvis, head, or neck regions; it is uniquely situated in the upper chest area.

3. Beta waves, associated with alertness and focused attention, typically fall within the range of:

• A. 0.5-4 Hz
• B. 4-8 Hz
• C. 8-13 Hz
• D. 13-30 Hz

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Beta waves, associated with alertness and focused attention, typically fall within the range of 13-30 Hz. These waves are present when individuals are engaged in cognitive tasks, problem-solving, or focused mental activities. Options A, B, and C are incorrect because these frequency ranges are not characteristic of beta waves. Beta waves are higher in frequency and are associated with more active mental states compared to the ranges mentioned in options A, B, and C. Therefore, the correct answer is 13-30 Hz (Choice D).

4. What are the moon-shaped white structures at the base of fingernails called?

• A. Lunulae
• B. Cuticle
• C. Hyponychium
• D. Matrix

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lunulae. The moon-shaped white structures at the base of fingernails are known as lunulae. They are most prominent on the thumb and are situated at the base of the nail matrix. The lunula is the visible part of the nail matrix, which is responsible for generating new nail cells. Choice B, Cuticle, is incorrect as it refers to the thin layer of skin at the base of the nail plate. Choice C, Hyponychium, is incorrect as it is the skin that lies beneath the free edge of the nail. Choice D, Matrix, is incorrect as it is the area where the nail is formed, located under the cuticle.

5. Which of the following blood proteins can destroy pathogens?

• A. Complement system
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. Major histocompatibility complex
• D. Platelets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complement system. The complement system is a vital component of the immune system responsible for destroying pathogens through various mechanisms like promoting inflammation, enhancing phagocytosis, and directly lysing pathogens. Fibrinogen is crucial for blood clotting, the major histocompatibility complex is involved in immune responses, and platelets aid in blood clotting and wound healing. However, none of these directly destroy pathogens as the complement system does.

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