Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

• A. Transporting nutrients throughout the body
• B. Removing excess fluids and waste products from tissues
• C. Producing red blood cells
• D. Regulating body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the lymphatic system is to remove excess fluids, waste products, and toxins from tissues. It maintains fluid balance and supports the immune system by transporting lymph, which contains white blood cells, throughout the body. Choice A is incorrect as nutrient transport is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Choice C is incorrect because red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not the lymphatic system. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature is mainly controlled by the endocrine system and thermoregulatory mechanisms in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

2. A guitar string vibrates at a fundamental frequency of 440 Hz. What is the frequency of the second harmonic (first overtone)?

• A. 220 Hz
• B. 440 Hz
• C. 880 Hz
• D. 1760 Hz

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The second harmonic (first overtone) is twice the frequency of the fundamental frequency. Therefore, the frequency of the second harmonic is 440 Hz * 2 = 880 Hz. The second harmonic has a frequency that is one octave higher than the fundamental frequency, representing the first overtone of the vibrating string. Choice A (220 Hz) is incorrect as it represents half the fundamental frequency and is the second harmonic, not the first overtone. Choice B (440 Hz) is the fundamental frequency itself. Choice D (1760 Hz) is the frequency of the fourth harmonic, not the second harmonic.

3. Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, synapse is the junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released, and myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates and speeds up signal conduction along the axon. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of receiving signals from other neurons.

4. Where does the nerve impulses send neurotransmitters across a synapse to a muscle cell to stimulate muscle contraction?

• A. sarcomere
• B. tendon
• C. myelin sheath
• D. neuromuscular junction

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The neuromuscular junction is the specific area where nerve impulses trigger the release of neurotransmitters that cross the synaptic gap to bind to receptors on the muscle cell membrane. This binding initiates muscle contraction by stimulating the muscle cell. The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit in a muscle fiber, not the location where nerve impulses communicate with muscle cells. Tendons are connective tissues that attach muscles to bones and are not involved in transmitting nerve impulses. The myelin sheath is a protective covering around nerve fibers but is not directly involved in transmitting neurotransmitters to muscle cells for muscle contraction.

5. Which state of matter has both a definite volume and a definite shape?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Solid.' Solids have both a definite volume and a definite shape because the particles are closely packed together and vibrate in fixed positions. This close arrangement of particles allows solids to maintain their shape and volume, unlike liquids and gases which do not have a definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume. Gases, on the other hand, do not have a definite shape or volume as they expand to fill the space available to them. Plasma is a high-energy state of matter where atoms are stripped of their electrons and is not characterized by definite shape or volume.

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