Nursing Elites

1. What is a major structure of the limbic system?

• A. Brainstem
• B. Spinal cord
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Cerebral cortex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a significant structure of the limbic system responsible for regulating various functions such as emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production. It plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and orchestrating responses to stress and emotional stimuli. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The brainstem, although a vital part of the brain, is not a major structure of the limbic system. The spinal cord is not part of the limbic system; it is primarily involved in transmitting sensory and motor information between the brain and the rest of the body. The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher cognitive functions but is not a major structure within the limbic system.

2. What is the scientific name for the common housefly?

• A. Musca domestica
• B. Drosophila melanogaster
• C. Apis mellifera
• D. Anopheles gambiae

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Musca domestica is the scientific name for the common housefly. This species is known for being a common pest found in and around human habitations. Drosophila melanogaster (option B) is a species of fruit fly commonly used in genetic research. Apis mellifera (option C) is the scientific name for the western honeybee. Anopheles gambiae (option D) is a species of mosquito known for being a vector of malaria.

3. What are Merkel cells, located in the epidermis, specialized for?

• A. Melanin production
• B. Temperature sensation
• C. Touch perception
• D. Immune defense

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Merkel cells are specialized touch receptors located in the epidermis of the skin. Their primary function is to perceive light touch and pressure. They play a crucial role in the sensory perception of touch stimuli. Option A, melanin production, is incorrect because Merkel cells are not involved in producing melanin. Option B, temperature sensation, is incorrect as Merkel cells are not specialized for sensing temperature. Option D, immune defense, is also incorrect as Merkel cells do not have a role in immune defense mechanisms.

4. Which of the following organs functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

• A. The kidney
• B. The spleen
• C. The pancreas
• D. The stomach

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The pancreas is the correct answer as it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. The endocrine function involves secreting insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream to regulate blood sugar levels, while the exocrine function involves releasing digestive enzymes into the small intestine to aid in digestion. The kidney (Choice A) primarily functions in the excretory system by filtering blood and producing urine. The spleen (Choice B) is involved in the immune system and blood storage but does not have endocrine or exocrine functions. The stomach (Choice D) is mainly an organ of the digestive system, secreting gastric juices to aid in digestion, but it does not have a dual endocrine and exocrine function like the pancreas.

5. Tissues are groups of cells with similar:

• A. Appearance only
• B. Function and structure
• C. Location only
• D. Age only

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. They have similar structures that enable them to carry out their specialized functions effectively. Therefore, tissues are defined by both their function and structure, making option B the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because tissues are not solely defined by their appearance, location, or age, but rather by the shared function and structure of the cells within them.

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