Nursing Elites

1. What are the two main types of nuclear decay, and what differentiates them?

• A. Fission and fusion, based on the size of the nucleus
• B. Alpha and beta decay, based on the emitted particle
• C. Spontaneous and induced decay, based on the trigger
• D. Isotope decay and chain reactions, based on the stability of the nucleus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The two main types of nuclear decay are alpha and beta decay, which are differentiated based on the emitted particle. In alpha decay, an alpha particle (consisting of two protons and two neutrons) is emitted from the nucleus, while in beta decay, a beta particle (either an electron or a positron) is emitted. These decay types are distinguished by the particles they emit, not by the size of the nucleus, trigger, or stability of the nucleus. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because fission, fusion, spontaneous, induced, isotope decay, and chain reactions are different processes in nuclear physics and do not represent the two main types of nuclear decay based on emitted particles.

2. The length of a rectangle is 3 units greater than its width. Which expression correctly represents the perimeter of the rectangle?

• A. 2W + 2(W + 3)
• B. W + W + 3
• C. W(W + 3)
• D. 2W + 2(3W)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To find the perimeter of a rectangle, you add up all its sides. In this case, the length is 3 units greater than the width, so the length can be expressed as W + 3. The formula for the perimeter of a rectangle is 2W + 2(L), where L represents the length. Substituting W + 3 for L, the correct expression for the perimeter becomes 2W + 2(W + 3), which simplifies to 2W + 2W + 6 or 4W + 6. Choices B, C, and D do not correctly represent the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle. Choice B simply adds the width twice to 3, neglecting the length. Choice C multiplies the width by the sum of the width and 3, which is incorrect. Choice D combines the width and 3 times the width, which is not the correct formula for the perimeter of a rectangle.

3. A set of patients is divided into groups: 1/2 in Group Alpha, 1/3 in Group Beta, and 1/6 in Group Gamma. Order the groups from smallest to largest.

• A. Alpha, Beta, Gamma
• B. Alpha, Gamma, Beta
• C. Gamma, Alpha, Beta
• D. Gamma, Beta, Alpha

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To determine the order from smallest to largest groups, we look at the fractions representing the groups. Group Gamma has 1/6, which is the smallest fraction, followed by Group Alpha with 1/2, and Group Beta with 1/3 being the largest fraction. So, the correct order is Gamma, Alpha, Beta. Choice A is incorrect because it lists Alpha, Beta, Gamma, which is the reverse order. Choice B is incorrect as it lists Alpha, Gamma, Beta, which is also incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as it lists Gamma, Beta, Alpha, which is not the correct order based on the fractions provided.

4. Which type of reaction undergoes hydrolysis?

• A. Anabolism
• B. Catabolism
• C. Exothermic
• D. Endothermic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Catabolism.' Catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, often through hydrolysis, where water is added to break chemical bonds. This process is essential for the degradation of complex molecules and the release of energy stored in chemical bonds. Choice A, 'Anabolism,' is incorrect as anabolism involves the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Choices C and D, 'Exothermic' and 'Endothermic,' refer to the heat energy exchange during a reaction and are not directly related to the process of hydrolysis.

5. The pH scale is used to indicate the concentration of:

• A. Hydrogen ions
• B. Oxygen
• C. Salts
• D. Sugar molecules

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pH scale is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, representing its acidity or basicity. A lower pH value indicates higher hydrogen ion concentration and acidity, while a higher pH value indicates lower hydrogen ion concentration and basicity. Choice A, 'Hydrogen ions,' is the correct answer because the pH scale specifically measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the pH scale is not used to indicate the concentration of oxygen, salts, or sugar molecules.

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